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Cultural Norms in Conflict: Breastfeeding Among Hispanic Immigrants in Rural Washington State

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Abstract

Objectives To examine perceptions, experiences, and attitudes towards breastfeeding among Hispanic women living in rural Washington State. Methods Twenty parous Hispanic women of low acculturation, aged 25–48 years and residents in rural Washington State participated in an exploratory, face-to-face interview. Interviews were audio-recorded, translated and transcribed, and analyzed using a thematic content analysis approach. Results Nine emergent themes were grouped into three overarching categories: (1) Breast is best; (2) Hispanic cultural and familial expectations to breastfeed; and (3) Adapting to life in the United States: cultural norms in conflict. Women said they were motivated to breastfeed because of their knowledge and observations of its health benefits for mother and child. They said breastfeeding is ingrained in their Hispanic cultural heritage, and infant feeding choices of female family members were particularly influential in women’s own decision to breastfeed. Women said they experienced embarrassment about breastfeeding in the United States and as a result, often chose to initiate formula feeding as a complement so as to avoid feelings of shame. Additionally, they faced economic pressure to work, key barriers for continued breastfeeding among Hispanics in the United States. Conclusions for Practice Knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding for mother and child and longstanding cultural practices of breastfeeding are not enough to encourage exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months among this rural Hispanic population. Continued support through family-level interventions as well as work place policies that encourage breastfeeding are needed for rural Hispanics to reach optimal breastfeeding rates.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the staff at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center site office, Centro para Promover la Salud Comunitaira (Center for Community Health Promotion), and the community members of the Lower Yakima Valley who made this work possible. This project was supported by the National Cancer Institute (Grant # U54CA153502).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA

    Sarah Hohl, Beti Thompson & Catherine Duggan

  2. Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Beti Thompson

  3. Centro Para Promover la Salud Comunitaira, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Sunnyside, WA, USA

    Monica Escareño

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  1. Sarah Hohl
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  2. Beti Thompson
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  3. Monica Escareño
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  4. Catherine Duggan
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Correspondence to Sarah Hohl.

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Hohl, S., Thompson, B., Escareño, M. et al. Cultural Norms in Conflict: Breastfeeding Among Hispanic Immigrants in Rural Washington State. Matern Child Health J 20, 1549–1557 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-016-1954-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-016-1954-8

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