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Soundscapes reveal disturbance impacts: biophonic response to wildfire in the Sonoran Desert Sky Islands

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Abstract

Context

While remote sensing imagery is effective for quantifying land cover changes across large areas, its utility for directly assessing the response of animals to disturbance is limited. Soundscapes approaches—the recording and analysis of sounds in a landscape—could address this shortcoming.

Objectives

In 2011, a massive wildfire named “the Horseshoe 2 Burn” occurred in the Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona, USA. We evaluated the impact of this wildfire on acoustic activity of animal communities.

Methods

In 2013, soundscape recordings were collected over 9 months in 12 burned and 12 non-burned sites in four ecological systems. The seasonal and diel biological acoustic activity were described using the “Bioacoustic Index”, a detailed aural analysis of sound sources, and a new tool called “Sonic Timelapse Builder” (STLB).

Results

Seasonal biophony phenology showed a diurnal peak in June and a nocturnal peak in October in all ecological systems. On June mornings, acoustic activity was lower at burned than at non-burned sites in three of four ecological systems, due to a decreased abundance of cicadas directly impacted by the death of trees. Aural analyses revealed that 55% of recordings from non-burned sites contained insect sounds compared to 18% from burned sites. On October nights, orthopteran activity was more prevalent at some burned sites, possibly due to post-fire emergence of herbaceous.

Conclusions

Soundscape approaches can help address long-term conservation issues involving the responses of animal communities to wildfire. Acoustic methods can serve as a valuable complement to remote sensing for disturbance-based landscape management.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank our field assistant Karen Krebbs as well as Maura Thoenes Buckley from the Chiricahua National Monument for their help in the protocol development and the collection of the data. Additionally, we would like to thank Matthew Harris and Marc Manceau for their help in the field and their work in the documentation of this study. We are grateful for the helpful and constructive comments of the two anonymous reviewers.

Funding

This work was partially funded by the Wright Forestry Fund of the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, the Purdue University Graduate School, National Science Foundation Research Coordination Networks (NSF RCN #1114945), National Science Foundation Division of Information and Intelligent Systems (NSF IIS #0705836), Purdue University’s Center for the Environment, the United States Department of Education’s Graduate Area of National Needs (GANN) Program, the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Research Program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the College of Agriculture at Purdue University, and the Executive Vice President for Research and Engagement at Purdue University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Global Soundscapes and Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 203 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Amandine Gasc, Benjamin L. Gottesman, Dante Francomano & Bryan C. Pijanowski

  2. School of Engineering and Computer Science, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412-5797, USA

    Jinha Jung

  3. School of Media, Ravensbourne, London, 6 Penrose Way, Greenwich Peninsula, London, SE10 0EW, UK

    Mark Durham

  4. Lassen Volcanic National Park, 38050 State HWY 36, Mineral, CA, 96063, USA

    Jason Mateljak

  5. Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Écologie marine et continentale, Europôle Méditerranéen de l’Arbois-Pavillon Villemin, BP 80 - 13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France

    Amandine Gasc

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  1. Amandine Gasc
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Gasc, A., Gottesman, B.L., Francomano, D. et al. Soundscapes reveal disturbance impacts: biophonic response to wildfire in the Sonoran Desert Sky Islands. Landscape Ecol 33, 1399–1415 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-018-0675-3

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