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Hydrothermal performance through multiple shapes of microchannels (MCHS) using nanofluids: an exhaustive review

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Abstract

Hydrothermal performance through multiple shapes of microchannels (MCHS) using nanofluids is summarized as the previous studies in the present work. The enhancement of heat transfer dissipation in electronic equipment becomes more necessary where high heat can damage it and cause more problems, so the Microchannel heat sinks can be a solution fore these problems. The heat transfer enhancement through Microchannels can be acheived by a passive technique which includes using corrugated channels such as wavy, zigzag, and converge-diverge MCHS. Also, flow disruptions such as using MCHS with cavities, ribs, grooves, dimples, and offset strip pin fins. In otherside the fluid additives included using nanofluid with different MCHS shapes, and Secondary flow as an MCHS with oblique fins is another method fore passive techniques. Wavy microchannels with secondary channels have higher hydrothermal performance compared to other types. Zigzag MCHS could provide good heat transfer enhancement but with high pressure drops. Regarding flow disruptions, the hydrothermal performance of MCHS with ribs is better than pin fin. The results showed that using a hybrid nanofluid gives more enhancement heat transfer as well as higher pressure drops. Concerning single-phase fluid, the review results showed that using metal oxide nanofluid has higher thermal conductivity compared to carbon-based and dielectric nanofluids; therefore, the single phase of nanofluids can be arranged descending from the best to worst, according to its use as the cooling liquid in microchannels and their efficiency in heat transfer enhancement, metals (Ag, Cu), metal oxides (TiO2–H2O, CuO–H2O, ZnO–H2O, and Al2O3–H2O), and dielectric nanofluid (SiO2–H2O). The specific application requirements and design considerations will guide the selection of the appropriate microchannel type for optimal heat transfer performance, so MCHS with mixing flow, higher thermal conductivity nanofluids, and low pressure drop are the most important factors that achieve hydrothermal efficiency.

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Abbreviations

HC:

Height of MCHS

C p :

Specific heat

K :

Thermal conductivity

T :

Temperature

KB:

Boltzmann constant

u p :

Brownian velocity of the nanoparticles

Nu:

Nusselt number

Re:

Reynold number

W t :

Width of the tapered channel

W :

Mass

W C :

Width of channel

AR:

Aspect ratio

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

CCHS:

Crosscutting zigzag flow channel

CCZH:

Single crosscutting zigzag flow channel

DC:

Divergent–convergent microchannel

EG:

Ethylene glycol

GnP:

Graphene nanoplatelets

DLMCHS:

Double-layer microchannel heat sink

Hs:

Substrate thickness

HTP:

Heat transfer performance

RMCH:

Rectangular microchannel heat sink

RSC:

Rectangle with semicircular

SLMCHS:

Single-layer microchannel heat sink

TLMCHS:

Triangular layer microchannel heat sink

TWC_L:

Transversal wavy channel left

TWC_R:

Transversal wavy

Tri.C–C.R:

Triangle cavity with circular rib

MCH:

Microchannel heat sink

MHSIJD:

Microchannel heat sinks with impinging jets

W/EG:

Water/ethylene glycol

MWCNT:

Multi-wall carbon nanotube

MC-AWTR:

All wall trefoil ribs

MC-SWTR:

Side wall trefoil ribs

MC-BWTR:

Bottom wall trefoil ribs

PVD:

Physical vapor deposition

PF:

Pin fin

ZSMHS:

Zigzag serpentine microchannel heat sink

WMCH:

Wavy microchannel heat sink

WMSC:

Wavy microchannel with the secondary channel

VG:

Vortex generator

b:

Bottom wall

bf:

Base fluid

c:

Channel

nf:

Nanofluid

np:

Nanoparticle

t:

Top wall

s:

Substrate

w:

Wall

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

µ :

Dynamic viscosity [kg (m s)−1)]

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  1. College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Hillah, 51001, Babylon, Iraq

    Nehad Abid Allah Hamza

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Babylon, Iraq

    Isam Mejbel Abed

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Hamza, N.A.A., Abed, I.M. Hydrothermal performance through multiple shapes of microchannels (MCHS) using nanofluids: an exhaustive review. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 13729–13760 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12602-6

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