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Evaluation of the effect of rifled inlet on the hydrothermal performance and entropy generation of biological silver/water nanofluid-cooled heatsink

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Abstract

Operational and structural modifications were numerically investigated in an effort to improve the performance of a liquid-cooled heatsink. The water/silver nanofluid was utilized as coolant, where the effects of nanoparticle concentration and Reynolds number were the operational variables considered, while the effect of rifling the inlet tube of coolant was a structural parameter investigated. The considered range for nanoparticle concentration and Reynolds number was 0–1% and 5000–20,000, respectively. The overall hydrothermal performance of the heatsink with rifled inlet was found to be 1.073–1.541 times higher than that of heatsink with plain inlet. In addition, it was revealed that rifling the inlet tube of heatsink entails a 4.26–21.79% decrement in the thermal entropy and a 9.90–110.97% increase in the frictional entropy. Moreover, it was demonstrated that friction is the main source of entropy generation in the flow, and the second-law performance of the heatsink with plain inlet is better than that of heatsink with rifled inlet.

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Abbreviations

\(A\) :

Solid–liquid interfacial surface area (m2)

\({c}_{\rm p}\) :

Heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1)

\(f\) :

Friction factor

\(FoM\) :

Figure of merit

\({G}_{k}\) :

Generation of \(k\) because of the mean velocity gradient (kg m−1 s−3)

\(h\) :

Convection coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

\(k\) :

Turbulent kinetic energy (m2 s−2)

\(PEC\) :

Performance evaluation criterion

\(p\) :

Instantaneous pressure (Pa)

\(\overline{p }\) :

Mean pressure (Pa)

\({p}^{^{\prime}}\) :

Pressure fluctuation (Pa)

q″:

Heat flux (W m−2)

\(R\) :

Effective thermal resistance (K m2 W−1)

\(\mathrm{Re}\) :

Reynolds number

\({\dot{S}}_{\text{g,fr}}\) :

Global rate of entropy generated because of flow friction (W K−1)

\({\dot{S}}_{\text{g,t}}\) :

Global rate of total entropy generation (W K−1)

\({\dot{S}}_{\text{g,th}}\) :

Global rate of entropy generated because of heat transfer (W K−1)

\(\dot{S}^{\prime\prime\prime}_{\text{g,fr}}\) :

Local rate of entropy generated because of flow friction (W m−3 K−1)

\(\dot{S}^{\prime\prime\prime}_{\text{g,t}}\) :

Local rate of total entropy generation (W m−3 K−1)

\(\dot{S}^{\prime\prime\prime}_{\text{g,th}}\) :

Local rate of entropy generated because of heat transfer (W m−3 K−1)

\(T\) :

Instantaneous temperature (K)

\(\overline{T }\) :

Mean temperature (K)

\({T}^{^{\prime}}\) :

Temperature fluctuation (K)

\({u}_{\rm i}\) :

Instantaneous velocity vector (m s−1)

\({\overline{u} }_{\rm i}\) :

Mean velocity vector (m s−1)

\({u}_{\rm i}^{^{\prime}}\) :

Velocity fluctuation vector (m s−1)

\(\dot{V}\) :

Volumetric flow rate (m3 s−1)

\({\dot{W}}_{\mathrm{pump}}\) :

Pumping power (W

\(\alpha \) :

Thermal diffusivity (m2 s−1)

\({\alpha }_{\mathrm{t}}\) :

Eddy thermal diffusivity (m2 s−1)

\(\varepsilon \) :

Dissipation rate (m2 s−3)

\(\varphi \) :

Nanoparticle concentration (%)

\(\lambda \) :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

\(\mu \) :

Viscosity (kg m−1 s−1)

\({\mu }_{\mathrm{t}}\) :

Turbulent viscosity (kg m−1 s−1)

\(\theta \) :

Uniformity of temperature distribution in the heatsink (K m2 W−1)

\(\rho \) :

Density (kg m−3)

\({\sigma }_{\rm k}\) :

Turbulent Prandtl number for \(k\)

\({\sigma }_{\varepsilon }\) :

Turbulent Prandtl number for \(\varepsilon \)

\(\mathrm{bf}\) :

Base fluid

\(\mathrm{HIS}\) :

Heat input surface

\(in\) :

Inlet

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

\(m\) :

Average of solid–liquid interfacial surface

\(\mathrm{max}\) :

Maximum

\(\mathrm{mean}\) :

Mean

\(\mathrm{min}\) :

Minimum

\(\mathrm{nf}\) :

Nanofluid

\(\mathrm{out}\) :

Outlet

\(p\) :

Nanoparticle

\(\mathrm{plain}\) :

Heatsink with plain inlet

\(\mathrm{rifled}\) :

Heatsink with rifled inlet

\(s\) :

Solid wall

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran

    Amin Shahsavar & Soroush Roohani

  2. Faculty of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Jahangiri

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  1. Amin Shahsavar
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  2. Soroush Roohani
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  3. Ali Jahangiri
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Correspondence to Amin Shahsavar.

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Shahsavar, A., Roohani, S. & Jahangiri, A. Evaluation of the effect of rifled inlet on the hydrothermal performance and entropy generation of biological silver/water nanofluid-cooled heatsink. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 11561–11575 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11342-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11342-3

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