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Solubility of sinapic acid in various (Carbitol + water) systems: computational modeling and solution thermodynamics

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Abstract

The solubility and solution thermodynamic properties of a “bioactive nutraceutical” sinapic acid (SA) in different “2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol (Carbitol®) + water” mixtures were investigated. The “mole fraction solubilities (xe)” of SA in various “Carbitol + water” systems were determined at “T = 298.15–318.15 K” and “p = 0.1 MPa.” The measured xe values of SA were found well regressed by “Apelblat, van’t Hoff, Yalkowsky, Jouyban–Acree and Jouyban–Acree–van’t Hoff” models with mean percent deviations of < 4.0%. The maximum xe value of SA was recorded in pure Carbitol (4.15 × 10−2 at T = 318.15 K), and the minimum one was estimated in neat water (6.28 × 10−5 at T = 298.15 K). The regressed results were found to be in accordance with experimental results of SA. Using activity coefficients, mixing thermodynamic parameters of SA were determined. The results showed spontaneous dissolution of SA in most of the cosolvent mixtures.

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Abbreviations

T :

Absolute temperature (K)

p :

Atmospheric pressure (MPa)

m :

Mass fraction of Carbitol in “Carbitol + water” mixtures

m 1 :

Mass of sinapic acid (g)

m 2 :

Mass of neat Carbitol (g)

m 3 :

Mass of neat water (g)

x e :

Experimental mole fraction solubility of sinapic acid

x idl :

Ideal solubility of sinapic acid in mole fraction

x van’t :

van’t Hoff model solubility of sinapic acid in mole fraction

x Apl :

Apelblat model solubility of sinapic acid in mole fraction

x Yal :

Yalkowsky model solubility of sinapic acid in mole fraction

x m,T :

Jouyban–Acree model solubility of sinapic acid in mole fraction

x 1 :

Mole fraction of sinapic acid in neat Carbitol

x 2 :

Mole fraction of neat Carbitol

x 3 :

Mole fraction of neat water

δ d :

Dispersion Hansen solubility parameter (MPa1/2)

δ p :

Polar Hansen solubility parameter (MPa1/2)

δ h :

Hydrogen-bonded Hansen solubility parameter (MPa1/2)

δ mix :

Hansen solubility parameter for “Carbitol + water” mixtures (MPa1/2)

α :

Volume fraction of Carbitol in “Carbitol + water” mixtures

δ 1 :

Hansen solubility parameter of neat Carbitol (MPa1/2)

δ 2 :

Hansen solubility parameter of neat water (MPa1/2)

γ i :

Activity coefficient of sinapic acid

R 2 :

Correlation coefficient

MPD:

Mean percent deviations (%)

a and b :

Parameters of van’t Hoff model

A, B and C :

Parameters of Apelblat model

J i :

Parameter of Jouyban–Acree model

A1, B1, A2 and B2 :

Parameter of Jouyban–Acree–van’t Hoff model

ΔmixGid :

Mixing Gibbs free energy for ideal solution (J mol−1)

ΔmixHid :

Mixing enthalpy for ideal solution (J mol−1)

ΔmixSid :

Mixing entropy for ideal solution (J mol−1 K−1)

ΔmixG :

Mixing Gibbs free energy for non-ideal solution (J mol−1)

ΔmixH :

Mixing enthalpy for non-ideal solution (J mol−1)

ΔmixS :

Mixing entropy for non-ideal solution (J mol−1 K−1)

G E :

Excess Gibbs free energy (J mol−1)

H E :

Excess enthalpy (J mol−1)

T fus :

Fusion temperature (K)

R :

Universal gas constant (J mol−1 K−1)

ΔHfus :

Molar fusion enthalpy (kJ mol−1)

ΔCp :

Difference in molar heat capacity (J mol−1 K−1)

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this work through the research group project number RG-1435-005.

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Faiyaz Shakeel, Nazrul Haq, Fars K. Alanazi, Saleh A. Alanazi & Ibrahim A. Alsarra

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  1. Faiyaz Shakeel
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  2. Nazrul Haq
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Shakeel, F., Haq, N., Alanazi, F.K. et al. Solubility of sinapic acid in various (Carbitol + water) systems: computational modeling and solution thermodynamics. J Therm Anal Calorim 142, 1437–1446 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09451-y

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