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Natural convection of CNT water-based nanofluids in a differentially heated square cavity

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Abstract

The present paper deals with the prediction of average Nusselt number in a differentially heated square cavity filled with Newtonian and non-Newtonian CNT nanofluids. Based on thermophysical properties which were experimentally evaluated, available correlations are used for estimating the Nusselt number and heat transfer coefficient of natural convection of CNT nanofluids with volume fractions in a range of 0.0055–0.418%. The effects of surfactant, average temperature of nanofluids within the cavity, driving temperature of cavity walls on Nusselt number are investigated and discussed. A peculiar attention is devoted to the non-Newtonian nature of CNT nanofluids in the analysis. It is found in particular that Nusselt number of nanofluids is lowered by nanoparticle content increase related to non-Newtonian behavior of nanofluids and temperature increase.

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Abbreviations

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

μ :

Viscosity (Pa s)

\(\dot{\gamma }\) :

Shear rate (s−1)

τ :

Shear stress (Pa)

η :

Consistency (Pa sn)

n :

Flow index behavior (–)

C p :

Specific heat (J kg−1 K−1)

β :

Thermal expansion coefficient (K−1)

ϕ :

Nanoparticle volume fraction

Nu:

Nusselt number

Ra:

Rayleigh number

Pr:

Prandtl number

L :

Length and height of the enclosure (m)

g :

Gravity (m s−2)

CNT:

Carbon nanotubes

SDBS:

Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate

bf:

Base fluid

nf:

Nanofluid

np:

Nanoparticle

rel:

Relative

c:

Cold

h:

Hot

a:

Average

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LGCGM, Equipe Matériaux et Thermo-Rhéologie, IUT de Rennes, Université Rennes 1, 3 rue du Clos Courtel, Rennes, France

    Patrice Estellé & Thierry Maré

  2. Renewable Energies, Magnetism and Nanotechnology Lab., Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Omid Mahian

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technology Faculty, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey

    Hakan F. Öztop

Authors
  1. Patrice Estellé
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  2. Omid Mahian
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  3. Thierry Maré
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  4. Hakan F. Öztop
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Correspondence to Patrice Estellé.

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Estellé, P., Mahian, O., Maré, T. et al. Natural convection of CNT water-based nanofluids in a differentially heated square cavity. J Therm Anal Calorim 128, 1765–1770 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6102-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6102-1

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