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Factors that affect the thermal stability and properties of Zr-porous clay heterostructures

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Abstract

New zirconium-porous clay heterostructures (PCHs) were prepared using zirconium-tetramer-intercalated clay mineral as precursors and a subsequent reaction with alkylamine molecules and a silica source, such as tetraethyl orthosilicate. The organic molecules were removed by calcinations at temperatures above 550 °C. The precursors and resulting materials were systematically characterized using different techniques: XRD, XRF, 29Si MAS NMR, N2 adsorption, and TG-DTG. The thermal stability of the zirconium precursor and porous clay heterostructure was reported for the first time using in situ XRD high temperature. The zirconium content in the PCHs was tuned using the starting precursors with different zirconia percentages, and its presence improved the thermal stability, microtextural properties, and acidity of the PCH materials compared to the conventional PCH materials. The length of the alkyl amine chains used also affected the previously mentioned properties. A higher surface area of 950 m2 g−1 and pore volume of 0.801 cc g−1 were obtained using dodecylamine molecules and Zr-intercalated clay with a starting ratio of Zr (mole) to grams of clay of 6. The zirconium-porous clay heterostructures were stable up to 650 °C, with a total acidity concentration of 0.993 mol g−1 of PCH, in addition to strong Brönsted and Lewis acid sites, which were detected at 500 °C in vacuum.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, PO Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, 41411, Saudi Arabia

    Fethi Kooli & Rawan Al-Faze

  2. Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore

    Yan Liu

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Taibah University, PO Box 441, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, 41411, Saudi Arabia

    Kais Hbaieb

Authors
  1. Fethi Kooli
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  2. Yan Liu
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Correspondence to Fethi Kooli.

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Kooli, F., Liu, Y., Hbaieb, K. et al. Factors that affect the thermal stability and properties of Zr-porous clay heterostructures. J Therm Anal Calorim 126, 1143–1155 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5825-8

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