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A brief comparison of structural and magnetic properties of bismuth ferrite prepared using hydrothermal and sol–gel synthesis methods

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Abstract

A succinct comparison of bismuth ferrite samples prepared using hydrothermal and sol–gel synthesis routes on structural and magnetic behavior is reported. X-ray diffraction studies confirm rhombohedral structure with the presence of an additional impurity phase and is found to be higher for the sol–gel method prepared sample than in comparison with the hydrothermal method. Distinguishable grains were obtained in hydrothermally prepared samples, which might be attributed to low levels of bismuth loss during the synthesis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the presence of oxygen-metal ion bonds at different peak positions for two synthesis methods. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows the peaks pertaining to iron, bismuth, and oxygen ions at their respective binding energies. Higher saturation magnetization is observed for bismuth ferrite sample synthesized using hydrothermal methods and this clearly refer to the higher contribution of the iron ions than those of sol–gel prepared ones.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

  • A well-defined structure with uniform distribution of grains is obtained for bismuth ferrite samples synthesized by hydrothermal method.

  • Additional phases were observed for sol–gel prepared bismuth ferrites both in XRD and FTIR studies.

  • Clear distinguishable grains were noticed in hydrothermally prepared samples.

  • XPS analysis confirms the presence of constituent elements in the compound.

  • Enhanced magnetic properties were noticed in hydrothermal synthesized bismuth ferrite samples.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to UGC-NRC, School of Physics, University of Hyderabad for providing FESEM facilities. The authors are also thankful to CFRD, Osmania University for providing the Magnetic measurements (VSM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) facilities. We also thank Dr. Someshwar Pola, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry for his valuable insights pertaining to XPS and FTIR.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to Be University), Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    S. Bharadwaj

  2. Department of Physics, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Y. Kalyana Lakshmi, M. Venkata Narayana & Manthoju Rajendrachary

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea

    Vivek Dhand

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  4. M. Venkata Narayana
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Contributions

Y.K.L.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing—original draft, Supervision, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing—review & editing; S.B.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing—original draft, Validation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing; V.D.: Data discussion, M.V.N.: Data Discussion and M.R.: Data curation.

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Correspondence to S. Bharadwaj or Y. Kalyana Lakshmi.

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Bharadwaj, S., Lakshmi, Y.K., Dhand, V. et al. A brief comparison of structural and magnetic properties of bismuth ferrite prepared using hydrothermal and sol–gel synthesis methods. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 109, 810–816 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-024-06316-w

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