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Modulation of structure and magnetic properties of terbium iron garnet by the introduction of Bi3+ and Ce3+

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for dielectric, electronic, magnetic and ferroelectric applications
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Abstract

Bi3+ and Ce3+ substituted rare-earth iron garnet is famous magneto-optical material for the application in integrated optical system and microwave devices. Nevertheless, the modulation of Bi3+ and Ce3+ on the structure and magnetic behavior of terbium iron garnet (TIG) is not very clear, which limits its practical applications. Herein, a series of Tb3−xBixFe5O12 (Bi:TIG, x = 0–0.9) and Tb3−xCexFe5O12 (Ce:TIG, x = 0–0.3) have been readily prepared by the sol-gel method. Both of pure phase TIG and Bi:TIG was obtained when calcined at 800 °C, while Ce:TIG has been prepared at 900 °C. Cubic garnet structure for both systems has been maintained, while the solubility limit of Ce in TIG was around x = 0.2. With larger ionic radius, the introduction of Bi3+ and Ce3+ effectively induces enlarged lattice parameters and modification of magnetic behavior. When Bi3+ was increased from x = 0 to 0.9, the saturated magnetization (Ms) was moderately enhanced and the coercive field (Hc) was effectively reduced. However, compared with TIG, Ms of Ce:TIG was slightly decreased, and Hc is mildly increased. The modulation in the magnetic behaviors is systematically discussed, regarding the variation in the super-exchange interaction, particle morphology and the magnetic anisotropy. These results are beneficial for the design of novel iron garnets for the application of switching, microwave and non-reciprocal related devices.

The introduction of diamagnetic Bi and paramagnetic Ce effectively induces structure distortion and magnetic modulation.

Highlights

  • A series of Tb3−xBixFe5O12 (Bi:TIG, x = 0–0.9) and Tb3−xCexFe5O12 (Ce:TIG, x = 0−0.3) have been readily prepared by the sol–gel method.

  • Cubic garnet structure for Bi:TIG and Ce:TIG has been maintained with enlarged lattice parameters, while the solubility of Ce in TIG was around x = 0.2.

  • The influence of diamagnetic Bi and paramagnetic Ce on the magnetic properties was investigated.

  • The magnetic modulation was explained the variation in the super-exchange interaction, particle morphology and the magnetic anisotropy.

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Funding

This work is supported by the NSAF of China (Grant No. U2130124), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51972213) and Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Informatization, China (Grant No. GYQJ-2020-1-19).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China

    Hui Shen, Haoyu Wang, Jian Ma, Yudie Ma, Yating Fang & Jiayue Xu

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  1. Hui Shen
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  2. Haoyu Wang
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Correspondence to Hui Shen or Jiayue Xu.

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Shen, H., Wang, H., Ma, J. et al. Modulation of structure and magnetic properties of terbium iron garnet by the introduction of Bi3+ and Ce3+. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 103, 539–548 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-05849-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-05849-2

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