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Multi-element substituted hydroxyapatites: synthesis, structural characteristics and evaluation of their bioactivity, cell viability, and antibacterial activity

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for biological and health (medical) applications
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Abstract

Synthesis of unsubstituted and multi-element (magnesium, zinc and cobalt) substituted hydroxyapatites (HAP) with varying stoichiometric compositions and evaluation of their morphological and structural characteristics, degree of crystallinity, bioactivity, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity are addressed. The morphological features are not altered much following the substitution of Mg2+, Zn2+, and Co2+ in the HAP lattice. Nevertheless, their substitution exerts a strong influence on the structural characteristics HAP. Rietveld refinement analysis of the X-ray diffraction patterns indicates a decrease in crystallinity and mineralogical composition of HAP phase, which is accompanied with an increase of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) phase along with Co3O4 phase. Broadening of the PO43− peaks and a decrease in intensity of the OH− peak are observed by Fourier-transform infrared spectra. A decrease in intensity, broadening and a slight shift in Raman band (at 961 cm−1 for HAP) towards the lower side suggest the incorporation of Mg, Zn, and Co, disordering of the crystal structure of HAP and formation of β-TCP as additional phase besides HAP. The MgZnCo-HAP’s exhibits a better bioactivity, cell viability and anti-bacterial activity than the unsubstituted HAP. However, a decrease in cell viability and anti-bacterial activity are observed when the stoichiometric ratio of the substituent elements is relatively higher.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Director, National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (NCNSNT) for extending characterization facilities such as SEM and EDS, Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Madras for providing X-ray diffraction facilities and Dr. C. Arulvasu, Department of Zoology, University of Madras for his kind help and valuable suggestions in performing cell growth studies. The authors also thank Dr. S. Kannan, Assistant professor, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, for his guidance and help in performing the Rietveld refinement analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Madras Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India

    Abinaya Rajendran, Subha Balakrishnan & Ravichandran Kulandaivelu

  2. Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biodegradable Materials Institute of Oral Biosciences and Brain Korea 21 Plus project, School of Dentistry Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea

    Sankara Narayanan T. S. Nellaiappan

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  1. Abinaya Rajendran
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  2. Subha Balakrishnan
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  3. Ravichandran Kulandaivelu
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Correspondence to Ravichandran Kulandaivelu.

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Highlights

  • The HAP and MgZnCo-HAP’s was synthesized by sol-gel method

  • The MgZnCo-HAP1 exhibits a better bioactivity, cell viability and good anti-bacterial activity than the un-HAP

  • MgZnCo-HAP1 is considered as a promising material for biomedical applications.

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Rajendran, A., Balakrishnan, S., Kulandaivelu, R. et al. Multi-element substituted hydroxyapatites: synthesis, structural characteristics and evaluation of their bioactivity, cell viability, and antibacterial activity. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 86, 441–458 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4634-x

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