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Effect of the processing temperature on the electrical properties of lead-free 0.965Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.035BaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics synthesized by sol–gel method

  • Original Paper: Sol–gel and hybrid materials for dielectric, electronic, magnetic and ferroelectric applications
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Abstract

In this work, lead-free 0.965Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.035BaTiO3 (BNT–BT) piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized by a sol–gel process. X-ray diffraction pattern of the BNT–BT samples revealed that powder calcined at 600 °C, exhibit a pure perovskite structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to find the surface morphology and grain size of the investigated ceramics. At an optimized sintering temperature of 1150 °C, well-saturated ferroelectric (P–E) hysteresis loops with high remnant polarization (Pr = 34.8 µC/cm2) and low corrosive field (Ec = 23 kV/cm) were obtained. Electric field-induced strain of 0.137% with a dynamic piezoelectric coefficient (d33* = 196 pm/V) was observed under 75 kV/cm drawing field. In addition, high static piezoelectric constant (d33 = 138 pC/N) was recorded for the sample sintered at 1150 °C. This value of d33 is comparable to that of BNT-based bulk piezoelectric ceramics.

BNT–BT nano-particles were prepared by using the acetic-acid sol–gel process, calcined at 600 °C and sintered at 1150 °C to get the optimum processing temperature. Well saturated and square type P–E hysteresis loops were obtanied with high remnant polarization (Pr = 34.8 µC/cm2) equivalent to the BNT-bulk ceramcis which were prepared through the conventional solid state reaction method [1, 2]. The high static piezoelectric constant 138 pC/N was obtained which is comparable to the BNT-based bulk ceramics [3]

Highlights

  • In this work, lead-free 0.965Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.035BaTiO3 (BNT-BT) piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized by a sol-gel process.

  • X-ray diffraction pattern of the BNT-BT samples revealed that powder calcined at 600 °C, exhibit a pure perovskite structure.

  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to find the surface morphology and grain size of the investigated ceramics. At an optimized sintering temperature of 1150 °C, well saturated ferroelectric (P–E) hysteresis loops with high remnant polarization (Pr = 34.8 μC/cm2) and low corrosive field (Ec = 23 kV/cm) were obtained.

  • Electric field-induced strain of 0.137% with a dynamic piezoelectric coefficient (d33* = 196 pm/V) was observed under 75 kV/cm drawing field.

  • In addition, high static piezoelectric constant (d33 = 138 pC/N) was recorded for the sample sintered at 1150 °C.

  • This value of d33 is comparable to that of BNT-based bulk piezoelectric ceramics.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (2011-0030058).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam, 51140, Republic of Korea

    Muhammad Munir, Muhammad Habib, Salman Ali Khan, Yeon Bin Choi, Jeong-Hun Son, Rizwan Ahmad Malik & Dong-Sik Bae

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Ali Hussain & Ibrahim Qazi

  3. Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, UET Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan

    Rizwan Ahmad Malik

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Munir, M., Habib, M., Khan, S.A. et al. Effect of the processing temperature on the electrical properties of lead-free 0.965Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.035BaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics synthesized by sol–gel method. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 90, 643–652 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-04913-0

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