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Aluminum doped Na3V2(PO4)2F3 via sol–gel Pechini method as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for energy, environment and building applications
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Abstract

The solid solution series Na3V2-x Al x (PO4)2F3 (where x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, and 0.1) powders have been prepared using the Pechini method to study the effect of aluminum doping on the electrochemical properties of these cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. The structure, composition, and morphology of the compounds were investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric and differential analysis, specific surface area, and pore size analysis using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller—Barret-Joyner-Halenda methods, scanning electron microscopy, elemental chemical analysis with induced coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy and charge/discharge galvanostatic experiments. X-ray diffraction indicates a tetragonal crystal structure for the Na3V2(PO4)2F3 phase, and all the Al compositions. The materials obtained have a microstructure consisting of nanoparticles (40–100 nm) with an average pore size 20 nm and 30 m2/g surface area. The phase with 0.05 moles of aluminum gave the best result electrochemical charge/discharge capacities of 123 to 101 mAh/g with cell voltage of 4.4 V vs. Li and a capacity retention of 82%, compared to undoped material which gave 128 to 63 mAh/g, and 49% capacity retention. Hence, Al-doped samples showed better electrochemical performance maybe attributable to improved structure stability compared to the undoped material. Those results suggest a promising material for lithium ion batteries.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank to SEP-CONACYT (CB-2012-01) for financial support through research project Ref. 189865, SEP-PROMEP, Ref. 103.5/12/7884 and the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León through PAICYT program. NPA also thanks CIMAV-Monterrey for the facilities to use some equipment for characterization of materials (A. Toxqui, A. Cavazos, L. De La Torre, L. Bautista, and F. E. Longoria for TGA-DTA, ICP-EOS, BET, FT-IR, and XRD measurements and assistance, respectively). Thanks to Dr Richard K.B. Gover for discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad S/N Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, 66451, Mexico

    Nayely Pineda-Aguilar, Eduardo M. Sánchez, Luis Carlos Torres-González & Lorena L. Garza-Tovar

  2. Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV), Unidad Monterrey, Alianza Norte 202, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Apodaca, Nuevo León, C.P. 66628, Mexico

    Nayely Pineda-Aguilar

  3. Universidad Tecnológica Gral. Mariano Escobedo, Libramiento Noreste Km. 33.5 Gral. Escobedo, Nuevo León, C.P. 66050, Mexico

    Víctor J. Gallegos-Sánchez

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  1. Nayely Pineda-Aguilar
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  2. Víctor J. Gallegos-Sánchez
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  3. Eduardo M. Sánchez
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  5. Lorena L. Garza-Tovar
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Correspondence to Lorena L. Garza-Tovar.

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Pineda-Aguilar, N., Gallegos-Sánchez, V.J., Sánchez, E.M. et al. Aluminum doped Na3V2(PO4)2F3 via sol–gel Pechini method as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 83, 405–412 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-017-4398-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-017-4398-8

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