Abstract
Sol–gel hybrid extraction sorbent based on methyltrimethoxysilane-cyanopropyltriethoxysilane (MTMOS-CNPrTEOS) was successfully synthesized by sol–gel process for use in solid-phase extraction (SPE) of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). Analysis was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Several important sol–gel parameters were optimized. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and surface area analyses were used to characterize the composite structure and morphology in detail. The results showed that the specific area of sol–gel hybrid MTMOS-CNPrTEOS was 585 m2g−1 with perfect spherical shape with average size of 174 nm. Under the optimum sol–gel conditions (2:1 mol composition of MTMOS:CNPrTEOS, NH4OH of pH 10.5 and drying temperature of 100 °C), the method using MTMOS-CNPrTEOS SPE showed good linearity with excellent limit of detection (10–70 pg mL−1) at signal to noise ratio = 3 and good relative standard deviation (RSD < 9 %) for all the three OPPs analyzed.
Graphical Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Shi L, Liu X, Li H, Niu W, Xu G (2006) Anal Chem 78:1345
Blasco C, Vazquez-Roig P, Onghena M, Masia A, Picó Y (2011) J Chromatogr A 1218:4892
Azimi G, Zolgharnein J, Sangi MR, Ebrahimi S (2009) Anal Sci 25:711
Ferreira V, Jarauta I, Ortega L, Chacho J (2004) J Chromatogr A 1025:147
Lu Q, Chen X, Nie L, Luo J, Jiang H, Chen L, Hu Q, Du S, Zhang Z (2010) Talanta 81:950
Jiang X, Zhao C, Jiang N, Zhang H, Liu M (2000) Food Chem 108:1061
Ensafi AA, Ghaderi AR (2007) J Hazard Mater 148:319
Zhang Z, Zhang H, Hu Y, Yao S (2010) Anal Chim Acta 661:173
Jin G, Zhang B, Tang Y, Zuo X, Wang S, Tang J (2011) Talanta 84:644
Yin Y-M, Chen Y-P, Wang X-F, Liu Y, Liu H-L, Xie M-X (2012) J Chromatogr A 1220:7
Silva RGC, Vigna CRM, Bottoli CBG, Collins CH, Augusto F (2010) J Sep Sci 33:1319
Zhu R, Zhao W, Zhai M, Wei F, Cai Z, Sheng N, Hu Q (2010) Anal Chim Acta 658:209
Zheng M-M, Ruan G-D, Feng Y-Q (2009) J Chromatogr A 1216:7739
Geller AM, Stedile FC, Peralba MCR, Pizzolato TM, Santos JHZ (2006) J Colloid Interface Sci 299:163
Ibrahim WAW, Ismail WNW, Sanagi MM (2013) J Teknol 62:83
Kabir A, Hamlet C, Malik A (2004) J Chromatogr A 1047:1
Ibrahim WAW, Veloo KV, Sanagi MM (2012) J Chromatogr A 1229:55
Ca DV, Cox JA (2004) Microchim Acta 147:31
Farrington K, Regan F (2009) Talanta 78:653
Lordel S, Chapuis-Hugon F, Eudes V, Pichon V (2010) J Chromatogr A 1217:6674
de Moraes SVM, Passos JB, Schossler P, Caramão EB, Moro CC, Costa TMH, Benvenutti EV (2003) Talanta 39:1039
Kim M, Stripeikis J, Tudino M (2009) Spectrochem Acta Part B 64:500
Seneviratne J, Cox JA (2000) Talanta 52:801
Ibrahim WAW, Ismail WNW, Keyon ASA, Sanagi MM (2011) J Sol-gel Sci Technol 58:602
Ibrahim WAW, Farhani H, Sanagi MM, Aboul-Enein HY (2010) J Chromatogr A 1217:4890
Sinkó K (2010) Mater 3:704
Sarafraz-Yazdi A, Vatani H (2013) J Chromatogr A 1300:104
Acknowledgments
Financial support from Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), Malaysia for the National Science Fellowship (NSF) received by the author is gratefully acknowledged. The author also would like to thank Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) for their support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ismail, W.N.W. Application of sol–gel hybrid extraction sorbent for gas chromatographic analysis of organophosphorus pesticides. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 80, 50–55 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4083-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4083-3