Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preparation of Gd-doped TiO2 hollow spheres with enhanced photocatalytic performance

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Using (C16H36O4)Ti, Gd2O3 and HNO3 as raw materials, TiO2 and TiO2:Gd3+ hollow spheres with different Gd dopant concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mol% were obtained with the assistance of the carbon sphere templates. The morphology, structure, specific surface area and photocatalytic properties of the prepared hollow spheres were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and UV–Vis 2550 spectrophotometer, respectively. Several factors influencing the photocatalytic activities of the samples were studied, which include pH value of the solutions, Gd dopant concentrations, amount of the additive catalysts and types of the dyes.

Graphical Abstract

In this work, fabrication of TiO2:Gd3+ hollow spheres (b) was obtained with the assistance of the carbon sphere template (a). Characterization of the samples was also reported in this paper.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bianchi CL, Pirola C, Galli F, Cerrato G, Morandi S, Capucci V (2015) Chem Eng J 261:76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Zheng Z, Wu HJ, Guo JL, Dong JH, Jia SP, Zhu ZP (2014) J Alloy Compd 615:79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ramacharyulu PVRK, Kumar JP, Prasad GK, Sreedhar B (2014) Mater Chem Phys 148:692

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Aman N, Satapathy PK, Mishra T, Mahato M, Das NN (2011) Mater Res Bul 47:179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kang Q, Liu SH, Yang LX, Cai QY, Grimes CA (2011) ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3:746

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Qu XF, Hou YC, Wang CP, Du FL, Cao LX (2015) RSC Adv 5:5307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Liu SS, Huang JF, Cao LY, Li JY, Ouyang HB, Tao XW, Liu C (2014) Mater Sci Semicond Proc 25:106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Liao YC, Xie CS, Liu Y, Chen H, Li HY, Wu J (2012) Ceram Int 38:4437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Kumar KVA, Revathy KP, asudevan PV, homas ST, Biju PR, Unnikrishnan NV (2013) J Rare Earth 31:441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Suwanchawalit C, Wongnawa S, Sriprang P, Meanha P (2012) Ceram Int 38:5201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lee H, Shin M, Lee M, Hwang YJ (2015) Appl Catal B-Environ 20:165

    Google Scholar 

  12. Rettew RE, Allam NK, Alamgir FM (2011) ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3:147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Li H, Hao YB, Lu HQ, Liang LP, Wang YY, Qiu JH, Shi XC, Wang Y, Yao JF (2015) Appl Surf Sci 344:112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lv KZ, Li J, Qing XX, Li WZ, Chen QY (2011) J Hazard Mater 189:329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Lei BX, Zhang P, Qiao HK, Zheng XF, Hu YS, Huang GL, Sun W, Sun ZF, Zhang XX (2014) Electrochim Acta 143:149

    Google Scholar 

  16. Liao CY, Wang ST, Chang FC, Wang HP, Lin HP (2014) J Phys Chem Solds 75:38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Shi L, Cao LX, Gao RJ, Zhao YL, Zhang HB, Xia CH (2014) J Alloy Compd 617:756

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Shi HX, Zhang TY, An TC, Li B, Wang X (2012) J Colloid Interface Sci 380:120

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wang RF, Wang FM, An SL, Song JL, Zhang Y (2015) J Rare Earth 33:154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Chai YC, Lin L, Zhang K, Zhao B, He DN (2014) Ceram Int 40:2691

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Cai HY, Chen XX, Li QH, He BL, Tang QW (2013) Appl Surf Sci 284:837

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang M, Xu XY, Lin L, He DN (2015) Prog Nat Sci Mater Int 25:6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Farbod M, Kajbafvala M (2013) Powder Technol 239:434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang C, Ao YH, Wang PF, Hou J, Qian J (2011) Powder Technol 210:203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Wu DC, Mao FW, Yang ZH, Wang SM, Zhou ZF (2014) Mater Sci Semicond Proc 23:74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. He F, Li JL, Tao Li T, Li GX (2014) Chem Eng J 237:312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Huang JH, Wang XC, Hou YD, Chen XF, Wu L, Wang XX, Fu XZ (2008) J Microporous Mesoporous Mater 110:543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhukova LV, Kiwi J, Nikandrov VV (2012) Colloid Surf B Biointerfaces 97:240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Li G, Lv L, Fan HT, Ma JY, Li YQ, Wan Y, Zhao XS (2010) J Colloid Sci Interface 348:342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. French RA, Jacobson AR, Kim B, Isley SL, Penn RL, Baveye PC (2009) Environ Sci Technol 43:1354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Vaclav Š, Snejana B, Nataliya M (2009) Mater Chem Phys 114:217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Baiju KV, Periyat P, Shajesh P, Wunderlich W, Manjumol KA, Smitha VS, Jaimy KB, Warrier KGK (2010) J Alloy Compd 505:194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Hao CJ, Li J, Zhang ZL, Ji YJ, Zhan HH, Xiao FX, Wang D, Liu B, Su FB (2015) Appl Surf Sci 331:17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Liu Y, Fang PF, Chen YL, Gao YP, Chen FT, Liu Z, Dai YQ (2013) Chem Eng J 219:478

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (Grant No. 51272115 and No. 21406123), and the Scientific Research Encouragement Foundation for Outstanding Young and Middle Aged Scientists of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. BS2013CL025).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou Road 53, Qingdao, 266042, China

    Xiaofei Qu, Xintong Yan, Yuchen Hou, Peitian Wang, Hongbing Song & Fanglin Du

Authors
  1. Xiaofei Qu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xintong Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yuchen Hou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Peitian Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hongbing Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Fanglin Du
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fanglin Du.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Qu, X., Yan, X., Hou, Y. et al. Preparation of Gd-doped TiO2 hollow spheres with enhanced photocatalytic performance. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 76, 699–707 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-015-3823-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-015-3823-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation