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High concentration NaOH processing of natural fiber explored polypropylene composite featured with mullite: characteristics investigation

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Abstract

With the key benefits of low specific weight, superior toughness, lower moisture absorption, recyclability, and economic concerns, natural fiber-embedded polypropylene composites are the trend for auto bumpers and panel applications during the processing of natural fiber with poly matrix facing the consequences of limited composite performance due to inherent adhesive quality. The aim of the present study is synthesizing polypropylene (PP) composite embedded with high-concentration sodium hydroxide (10% NaOH) processed hemp fiber via compression moulding and its specific behaviour featuring the adaptations of 5wt% Mullite (Al4Si4O10) ceramic particles. Finally, the synthesized polypropylene composite is accomplished with 5, 10, 15, and 20wt% of chemically processed hemp fiber featured by constant wt% of Al4Si4O10. For understanding composite structure, the synthesized composites are involved in phase identification analysis via X-ray diffraction route, and their physical behaviour, including tensile, impact, & flexural strength and thermal behaviour, is evaluated by The American Society for Testing and Materials policy. XRD analysis confirms NaOH-treated HF/Al4Si4O10 presence in the PP matrix. The PP/20wt% NaOH-treated hemp fiber/5wt% Al4Si4O10 has excellent tensile (46 ± 1.2 MPa), impact (15 ± 0.5 kJ/m2) & flexural strength (67 ± 1.5 MPa), and better thermal stability with 15% of reduced thermal loss, This is a significant improvement compared to unreinforced PP. The optimum behaviour of PP/20wt% NaOH-treated hemp fiber/5wt% Al4Si4O10 recommended for automotive applications (seat frame and top roof).

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2024R373), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The work was supported by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) and Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) through the BOLD Refresh postdoctoral fellowships under grant J510050002-IC-6 BOLDREFRESH2025-center of excellence.

Funding

The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Business, Liwa College, Abu Dhabi, UAE

    M. Aruna

  2. Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia

    Ismail Hossain

  3. Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi, G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India

    S. Kaliappan

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India

    S. Prabagaran

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India

    R. Venkatesh

  6. Department of Civil Engineering, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, Trichy, 621215, India

    P. Prabhu

  7. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India

    Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar

  8. Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600073, India

    V. Mohanavel

  9. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amity University Dubai, Dubai, 345019, UAE

    V. Mohanavel

  10. Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    A.H. Seikh

Authors
  1. M. Aruna
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  2. Ismail Hossain
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  3. S. Kaliappan
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  4. S. Prabagaran
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  5. R. Venkatesh
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  6. P. Prabhu
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  7. Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar
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  8. V. Mohanavel
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  9. A.H. Seikh
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study's conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by M. Aruna, Ismail Hossain, S. Kaliappan, S. Prabagaran, R. Venkatesh, P. Prabhu, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, V. Mohanavel, and A.H. Seikh. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [R. Venkatesh] and all authors provided language help, writing assistance and proofreading of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Venkatesh.

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Ethics approval

This is an observational study. High concentration NaOH processing of natural fiber explored polypropylene composite featured with mullite: Characteristics investigation, Research Ethics Committee has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.

Competing & financial interests

• The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

• The authors have no competing interests to declare relevant to this article's content.

• All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. 

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Aruna, M., Hossain, I., Kaliappan, S. et al. High concentration NaOH processing of natural fiber explored polypropylene composite featured with mullite: characteristics investigation. J Polym Res 31, 104 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-024-03953-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-024-03953-1

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