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P, N, Si synergistic flame-retarding water polyurethane coating with superior flame retardancy and hydrophobicity

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Abstract

Water polyurethane (WPU) with flame retardant and hydrophobic properties was synthesized by in situ polymerization using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-[N, N-bis-(2- hydroxyethyl-amino-methyl)]-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO-DAM) as flame retardant modifying agent, hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as hydrophobic modifying agent. FT-IR and TEM characterized the chemical structure and morphology of modified WPU. The effects of DOPO-DAM and PDMS dosage on the performance of modified WPU were investigated. The tensile strength for the modified WPU films first increased and then decreased with increasing of DOPO-DAM dosage. Incorporating DOPO-DAM and PDMS into WPU significantly enhanced flame retardancy, as evidenced by the reduction in peak heat release rate, total heat release rate, total smoke production, effective heat of combustion, and carbon dioxide production rate. The scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed that the good flame retardancy of modified WPU was due to the synergistic effect of P, N and Si elements. Afterward, modified WPU as a finishing agent was coated on polyester fabric. The experimental results of limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the vertical burning test indicated that when the dosage of DOPO-DAM was 6 wt% in modified WPU, after-flame time, after-glow time, damage length and LOI value of the coated polyester fabric were 7.0 s, 0.0 s, 8.5 cm and 26.2%, respectively. In addition, with the increase of PDMS dosage in modified WPU, the water contact angle of the coated fabrics showed an upward trend and remained stable. The addition of PDMS not only improved the flame retardancy of the coated fabric but also had a good effect on hydrophobicity.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Key Research and Development Program of Xianyang City (No.2021ZDYF-GY-0037), Science and Technology Plan of Xi’an City (No.22GXFW0003), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21978162).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, China

    Jianhua Zhou, Fangxin Dong, Chen Liu & Kai Lu

  2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology), Xi’an, 710021, China

    Jianhua Zhou, Fangxin Dong, Chen Liu & Kai Lu

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  1. Jianhua Zhou
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  2. Fangxin Dong
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Correspondence to Jianhua Zhou.

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Zhou, J., Dong, F., Liu, C. et al. P, N, Si synergistic flame-retarding water polyurethane coating with superior flame retardancy and hydrophobicity. J Polym Res 30, 260 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-023-03635-4

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