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Pectin-based inks development for 3D bioprinting of scaffolds

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Abstract

3D bioprinting allows creative ideas for 3D scaffold development. Therefore, it enhances the creation of customized dressings for tissue regeneration and the wound healing process. A relevant requirement when employing hydrogels in extrusion-based bioprinting (EBB), is to maintain design fidelity and shape of printed structures. In this work, three novel biopolymeric inks were formulated of which components are pectin (Pe) with the addition of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Specific methods for study extrudability, printability, physicochemical properties, and cytotoxicity of inks and 3D structures were proposed. 3D models of medium and high printing complexity were developed. Pe + MCC scaffold presents the best square interconnected channels (Printability≈ 1). Young’s modulus of Pe and Pe + MCC scaffolds are in the same range of values as the skin modulus. Pe scaffold presents the highest water retention capacity. From the cytotoxicity test, the three inks showed well in vitro biocompatibility with L929 fibroblast cells. These results suggest that Pe and Pe + MCC biopolymer inks can potentially be implemented for developing 3D printed personalized dressings for wound healing treatment.

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Data Availability

The dataset on which this paper is based is too large to be retained or publicly archived with available resources. Documentation and methods used to support this study can be provided contacting corresponding authors.

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Acknowledgements

The present work was supported by grants of ANPCyT (Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica) Project: PICT 2017-0359 and Universidad Nacional de La Plata grant X/815 to G.R. Castro. Acknowledgment to Andrés Ruscitti and Yesica Roser from Industrial Design of UNLa (Universidad Nacional de Lanus, Lanus, Argentina) who kindly provided the “Hemi-sphere scaffold 3D model”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo de Materiales Compuestos Termoplásticos (CoMP), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA-CONICET), Av. Cristóbal Colón, 10850, Mar del Plata, Argentina

    Verónica E. Passamai & Vera Alvarez

  2. Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales (NBM), Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales Dr. Rodolfo Ertola (CINDEFI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, Argentina

    Verónica E. Passamai, Sergio Katz & Guillermo R. Castro

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Av. 60 y 120, La Plata, Argentina

    Boris Rodenak-Kladniew

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Contributions

Verónica E. Passamai: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing—Original Draft, Visualization. Sergio Katz: Visualization, Resources, Software, Data Curation, Methodology. Boris Rodenak-Kladniew: Investigation. Vera Alvarez Supervision, Resources, Writing—Review & Editing, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Guillermo R. Castro Supervision, Resources, Writing—Review & Editing, Project administration, Funding acquisition.

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Appendix 1

Appendix 1

Mean squared error (MSE).

$${MSE}_{x}=\frac{{\sigma }_{x}}{\sqrt{n}}$$
(6)

Propagation of error about Printability

$$Pr=\frac{{L}^{2}}{16*A}$$

\(= \underline{L}\pm {MSE}_{L}\) Perimeter

\(= \underline{A}\pm {MSE}_{A}\) Area

$$Err=\frac{\Delta Pr}{\underline{Pr}}$$
$$\Delta PrPr = \underline{Pr}*\left(\left|2\right|\frac{\Delta L}{L}+\left|-1\right|\frac{\Delta A}{A}\right)$$
$$Pr=\underline{Pr}\pm \Delta Pr$$
(7)

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Passamai, V.E., Katz, S., Rodenak-Kladniew, B. et al. Pectin-based inks development for 3D bioprinting of scaffolds. J Polym Res 30, 35 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-03402-x

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