Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Synthesis and application of fluorescent and thermally stable polyazomethine as adsorbent in the remediation of Ni (II), Cu (II) and Co (II) from wastewater systems

  • ORIGINAL PAPER
  • Published:
Journal of Polymer Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A polyazomethine poly-2,2’-hexamethylenebis(oxybenzaldehyde)-1,5-naphthalenediimine (PoHOBND) was prepared by polycondensation reaction of dialdehyde and 1,5-naphthlenediamine. The polymer was characterized through elemental microanalysis, FT-IR, 1HNMR, SEM, UV–Visible spectroscopy, fluorescence and thermal analysis. The polyazomethine (PoHOBND) showed violet colored fluorescence emissions and its thermal stability was up to 630˚C. The antimicrobial activities of the polyazomethine (PoHOBND) were also studied. An effective method was produced and employed at optimum conditions in remediation of Ni (II), Cu (II) and Co (II) from sewage wastewater samples and polyazomethine (PoHOBND) was used as sorbent. The sorption factors (adsorbate concentration, sorbent amount, shaking duration and pH) were optimized through multi-variant technique by using factorial design based on eighteen batch experiments. The metal ions present in wastewater were determined through AAS. The polyazomethine (PoHOBND) removed up to 77% Ni (II), 98% Cu (II) and 72% Co (II) from wastewater with RSD within 0.26–3.62%. The adsorption of Ni (II), Cu (II), and Co (II) on polyazomethine surface was confirmed through SEM images and EDX analysis. Kinetics and equilibrium of the adsorption were also examined. The sorption process of Ni (II), Cu (II), and Co (II) obeyed Langmuir isotherm with adsorption capacities of 25.64, 15.38 and 31.25 mg g−1 respectively and their kinetic results best suited to pseudo-second-order.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kumar A, Balouch A, Pathan AA, Mahar AM, Abdullah JMS, Mustafai FA, Zubair M, Laghari B, Panah P (2017) Remediation techniques applied for aqueous system contaminated by toxic Chromium and Nickel ion. Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes 1(2):143–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/24749508.2017.1332860

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wang S (2006) Cobalt—its recovery, recycling, and application. Jom 58(10):47–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-006-0201-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Elshkaki A, Graedel T, Ciacci L, Reck BK (2016) Copper demand, supply, and associated energy use to 2050. Glob Environ Chang 39:305–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.06.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Rathor G, Chopra N, Adhikari T (2014) Nickel as a pollutant and its management. Int Res J Environ Sci 3:94–98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Beyene HD, Berhe GB (2015) The level of heavy metals in portable water in Dowhan, Erop Wereda, Tigray. Ethiopia Journal of Natural Sciences Research 5(3):190–194

    Google Scholar 

  6. Khan S, Shahnaz M, Jehan N, Rehman S, Shah MT, Din I (2013) Drinking water quality and human health risk in Charsadda district, Pakistan. J Clean Prod 60:93–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.02.016

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kumar GP, Malla KA, Yerra B, Rao KS (2019) Removal of Cu (II) using three low-cost adsorbents and prediction of adsorption using artificial neural networks. Appl Water Sci 9(3):44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-0924-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Zietz BP, Dieter HH, Lakomek M, Schneider H, Keßler-Gaedtke B, Dunkelberg H (2003) Epidemiological investigation on chronic copper toxicity to children exposed via the public drinking water supply. Sci Total Environ 302(1–3):127–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00399-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Araya M, Olivares M, Pizarro F, Llanos A, Figueroa G, Uauy R (2004) Community-based randomized double-blind study of gastrointestinal effects and copper exposure in drinking water. Environ Health Perspect 112(10):1068–1073. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6913

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang X, Shi X, Ma L, Pang X, Li L (2019) Preparation of Chitosan Stacking Membranes for Adsorption of Copper Ions. Polymers 11(9):1463. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091463

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Buxton S, Garman E, Heim KE, Lyons-Darden T, Schlekat CE, Taylor MD, Oller AR (2019) Concise review of nickel human health toxicology and ecotoxicology. Inorganics 7(7):89. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics7070089

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Das K, Das S, Dhundasi S (2008) Nickel, its adverse health effects & oxidative stress. Indian J Med Res 128(4):412

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Manohar D, Noeline B, Anirudhan T (2006) Adsorption performance of Al-pillared bentonite clay for the removal of cobalt (II) from aqueous phase. Appl Clay Sci 31(3–4):194–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2005.08.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bhatnagar A, Minocha A, Sillanpää M (2010) Adsorptive removal of cobalt from aqueous solution by utilizing lemon peel as biosorbent. Biochem Eng J 48(2):181–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2009.10.005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. O’Connell DW, Birkinshaw C, O’Dwyer TF (2008) Heavy metal adsorbents prepared from the modification of cellulose: A review. Biores Technol 99(15):6709–6724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.036

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Zeng X, Yu T, Wang P, Yuan R, Wen Q, Fan Y, Wang C, Shi R (2010) Preparation and characterization of polar polymeric adsorbents with high surface area for the removal of phenol from water. J Hazard Mater 177(1–3):773–780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.100

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Kaya İ, Yıldırım M, Avcı A (2010) Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent polyphenol species derived from methyl substituted aminopyridine based Schiff bases: the effect of substituent position on optical, electrical, electrochemical, and fluorescence properties. Synth Met 160(9–10):911–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2010.01.044

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Zaltariov MF, Cazacu M, Racles C, Musteata V, Vlad A, Airinei A (2015) Metallopolymers based on a polyazomethine ligand containing rigid oxadiazole and flexible tetramethyldisiloxane units. J Appl Polym Sci 132 (11). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.41631

  19. Kim HJ, Lee JH, Lee M, Lee TS (2008) Optical switching and anion-induced chromogenic application in conjugated polyazomethine derivatives. React Funct Polym 68(12):1696–1703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.09.010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Zaltariov M-F, Cazacu M, Shova S, Varganici C-D, Vacareanu L, Musteata V, Airinei A (2014) A silicon-containing polyazomethine and derived metal complexes: synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the properties. Des Monomers Polym 17(7):668–683. https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2014.907623

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Iwan A, Sek D (2008) Processible polyazomethines and polyketanils: from aerospace to light-emitting diodes and other advanced applications. Prog Polym Sci 33(3):289–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.09.005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Abd El-Lateef HM, Sayed AR, Shalabi K (2021) Synthesis and theoretical studies of novel conjugated polyazomethines and their application as efficient inhibitors for C1018 steel pickling corrosion behavior. Surfaces and Interfaces 23:101037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2021.101037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Moradi O, Mirza B, Norouzi M, Fakhri A (2012) Removal of Co (II), Cu (II) and Pb (II) ions by polymer based 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate: thermodynamics and desorption studies. Iranian journal of environmental health science & engineering 9(1):31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Uğuzdoğan E, Denkbaş EB, Kabasakal OS (2010) The use of polyethyleneglycolmethacrylate-co-vinylimidazole (PEGMA-co-VI) microspheres for the removal of nickel (II) and chromium (VI) ions. J Hazard Mater 177(1–3):119–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Qureshi F, Memon SQ, Khuhawar MY, Jahangir TM (2021) Removal of Co2+, Cu2+ and Au3+ ions from contaminated wastewater by using new fluorescent and antibacterial polymer as sorbent. Polym Bull. 78:1505-1533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03170-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Khuhawar M, Shah A, Shah AA (2009) Synthesis characterization and metal uptake study of Cu and Cd on poly-5, 5'-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy benzaldehyde) ethylenediimine. J Chem Soc Pak 31(6):900–906. https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:40099923

  27. Samal S, Das R, Sahoo D, Acharya S, Panda R, Rout R (1996) Chelating resins. III. Synthesis, characterization, and capacity studies of formaldehyde‐condensed phenolic schiff bases derived from 1, 2‐diamines and hydroxybenzaldehydes. J Appl Polym Sci 62(9):1437–1444. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19961128)62:9%3C1437::AID-APP13%3E3.0.CO;2-W

  28. Samal S, Das R, Acharya S, Mohapatra P, Dey R (2002) A comparative study on metal ion uptake behavior of chelating resins derived from the formaldehyde-condensed phenolic Schiff bases of 4, 4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone and hydroxybenzaldehydes. Polym-Plast Technol Eng 41(2):229–246. https://doi.org/10.1081/PPT-120002565

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Samal S, Das R, Dey R, Acharya S (2000) Chelating resins VI: Chelating resins of formaldehyde condensed phenolic Schiff bases derived from 4, 4′-diaminodiphenyl ether with hydroxybenzaldehydes—synthesis, characterization, and metal ion adsorption studies. J Appl Polym Sci 77(5):967–981. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1097-4628(20000801)77:5%3C967::AID-APP3%3E3.0.CO;2-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Pettit RK, Weber CA, Kean MJ, Hoffmann H, Pettit GR, Tan R, Franks KS, Horton ML (2005) Microplate Alamar blue assay for Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm susceptibility testing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49(7):2612–2617. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.49.7.2612-2617.2005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Qureshi F, Khuhawar MY, Jahangir TM, Channar AH (2020) Synthesis and characterization of new thermally stable, antimicrobial and red-light-emitting poly(azomethine-ester)s. Polym Bull. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03357-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Catanescu O, Grigoras M, Colotin G, Dobreanu A, Hurduc N, Simionescu CI (2001) Synthesis and characterization of some aliphatic–aromatic poly(Schiff base)s. Eur Polymer J 37(11):2213–2216. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-3057(01)00119-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. İlhan S, Temel H, Sunkur M, Teğin İ (2008) Synthesis, structural characterization of new macrocyclic Schiff base derived from 1, 6-bis (2-formylphenyl) hexane and 2, 6-diaminopyridine and its metal complexes. Indian J Chem - Sect A Inorganic, Phys Theor Anal Chem 47:560–564

    Google Scholar 

  34. Qureshi F, Khuhawar MY, Jahangir TM (2018) Synthesis and Characterization of New Photo-responsive, Ortho and Para Oriented Azomethine Polymers. Acta Chimica Slovenica 65(3):718–729. https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2018.4419

  35. Qureshi F, Khuhawar MY, Jahangir TM (2019) New Fluorescent, Thermally Stable and Film Forming Polyimines Containing Naphthyl Rings. Acta Chimica Slovenica 66(4):899–912. https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2019.5100

  36. Qureshi F, Khuhawar MY, Jahangir TM, Channar AH (2016) Synthesis, characterization and biological studies of new linear thermally stable Schiff base polymers with flexible spacers. Acta Chimica Slovenica 63(1):113–120. https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2015.1994

  37. Hasan S, Srivastava P, Talat M (2009) Biosorption of Pb (II) from water using biomass of Aeromonas hydrophila: central composite design for optimization of process variables. J Hazard Mater 168(2–3):1155–1162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.142

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Mouelhi M, Marzouk I, Hamrouni B (2016) Optimization studies for water defluoridation by adsorption: application of a design of experiments. Desalin Water Treat 57(21):9889–9899. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1032363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Yasin Y, Mohamad M, Ahmad FB (2013) The application of response surface methodology for lead ion removal from aqueous solution using intercalated tartrate-Mg-Al layered double hydroxides Int J Chem Eng 2013 https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/937675

  40. Ho Y-S (2006) Second-order kinetic model for the sorption of cadmium onto tree fern: a comparison of linear and non-linear methods. Water Res 40(1):119–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.10.040

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Weber WJ, Morris JC (1963) Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution. J Sanit Eng Div 89(2):31–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Yakout S, Elsherif E (2010) Batch kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies of adsorption of strontium from aqueous solutions onto low cost rice-straw based carbons. Carbon-Sci Tech 1:144–153

    Google Scholar 

  43. Al-Shahrani H, Alakhras F, Al-Abbad E, Al-Mazaideh G, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Ouerfelli N (2018) Sorption of Cobalt (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Chemically Modified Chitosan. Glob Nest J 20(3):620–627. https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002804

  44. Danjani A, Salisu A, Usman A (2016) Preparation and characterization of dialdehyde 2, 3-diaminopyridine starch chelating polymer and its sorption potential for Cd (II), Cu (II) and Ni (II) ions in aqueous media. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 9(2):174–178. https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v9i2.32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Zalloum HM, Al-Qodah Z, Mubarak MS (2008) Copper Adsorption on Chitosan-Derived Schiff Bases. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 46(1):46–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/10601320802515225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge IARSCS, University of Sindh for giving us the opportunities to carry out this research work.

Funding

The authors declare that no external funding was available for this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

    Farah Qureshi, Muhammad Yar Khuhawar, Taj Muhammad Jahangir & Abdul Hamid Channar

  2. Dr. M.A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

    Saima Q. Memon

Authors
  1. Farah Qureshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Saima Q. Memon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Muhammad Yar Khuhawar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Taj Muhammad Jahangir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Abdul Hamid Channar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Farah Qureshi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

We do not have any conflict of interest with any individual or organization. The work also does not involve any ethical conflicts.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (PDF 988 KB)

Supplementary file2 (DOCX 402 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Qureshi, F., Memon, S.Q., Khuhawar, M.Y. et al. Synthesis and application of fluorescent and thermally stable polyazomethine as adsorbent in the remediation of Ni (II), Cu (II) and Co (II) from wastewater systems. J Polym Res 28, 259 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-021-02582-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-021-02582-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation