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Are All Negotiations Equally Favorable? The Role of Adolescents’ Negotiation Style, Social Domain, and Mothers’ Authoritarian Beliefs and Family History

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Abstract

Although negotiation is generally considered an adaptive means for adolescents to express disagreement in the parent-child relationship, previous research on the correlates of adolescents’ negotiation has reported rather mixed results. This may be because parents do not always positively appraise and respond to adolescents’ negotiation. The key aim of the present study was to better understand variability in mothers’ appraisals and responses to adolescents’ negotiation attempts. This was done by examining whether their appraisals and responses vary as a function of adolescents’ negotiation style, social domain, and mothers’ personal characteristics (i.e., authoritarian beliefs and their own history of being parented). A total of 476 mothers of 9th and 10th grade adolescents in Belgium (Mage mothers = 44.93 years old, SD = 4.07; Mage adolescents = 14.88, SD = 0.75, 51.7% boys) participated in a vignette-based experimental study. Mothers completed questionnaires assessing authoritarian beliefs and their own history of being parented, and read a vignette-based scenario depicting an adolescent’s negotiation attempt. Using a between-person 2 × 2 design, adolescents’ negotiation style (autonomy-supportive versus controlling) and social domain (personal versus multifaceted) were experimentally manipulated. Mothers were more likely to positively appraise and respond in more constructive ways if adolescents adopted an autonomy-supportive instead of a controlling negotiation style, and when the situation involved a personal rather than a multifaceted issue. Mothers with high authoritarian beliefs and those with a history of being parented in a psychologically controlling way, had a more negative attitude towards adolescents’ negotiation. Overall, the results suggest that the success of adolescents’ negotiation depends on how, about what, and with whom they negotiate.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the parents who kindly accepted to participate in the study.

Funding

This study was supported by the Special Research Fund of Ghent University (Fund number: BOF.24Y.2017.0016.01).

Data Sharing Declaration

The dataset analyzed for the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Developmental, Social, and Personality Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Nele Flamant, Maarten Vansteenkiste & Bart Soenens

  2. Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Leen Haerens

  3. Research Center on Development, Family, and Human Systems (DEFASY), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

    Stijn Van Petegem

  4. F.R.S.-FNRS Research Associate, Belgium

    Stijn Van Petegem

Authors
  1. Nele Flamant
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  2. Leen Haerens
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  3. Maarten Vansteenkiste
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  4. Stijn Van Petegem
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  5. Bart Soenens
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Contributions

N.F. conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination, performed the statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript; L.H. conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination, participated in the interpretation of the data, and helped up to draft the manuscript; M.V. participated in the interpretation of the data and helped up to draft the manuscript; S.V.P. participated in the interpretation of the data and helped up to draft the manuscript; B.S. conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination, participated in the interpretation of the data, and helped up to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nele Flamant.

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Ethical Approval

The research was conducted according to the ethical rules presented in the General Ethical Protocol of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of Ghent University.

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Flamant, N., Haerens, L., Vansteenkiste, M. et al. Are All Negotiations Equally Favorable? The Role of Adolescents’ Negotiation Style, Social Domain, and Mothers’ Authoritarian Beliefs and Family History. J. Youth Adolescence 53, 485–505 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01880-w

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