Abstract
Behavioral genetics studies and new empirical evidence suggest that depression cannot simply be explained by the influence of single genes but that gene–gene–environment interactions are important to better understanding the etiology of depression. The present study investigated the main and interactive effects of COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism, DAT1 gene rs27072 polymorphism, and peer relationships (i.e., peer acceptance and rejection) on adolescent depressive symptoms. In a sample of 1045 Chinese Han adolescents (Mage = 12.34 ± 0.47 years, 50.1% girls), saliva samples, self-reported depressive symptoms and within-classroom peer nominations were collected. After controlling for gender, age, and SES, the three-way interaction of COMT, DAT1, and peer acceptance significantly concurrently predicted adolescent depressive symptoms. Adolescents with ValVal genotype of COMT and CC genotype of DAT1 were more sensitive to acceptance, compared to their counterparts carrying other combined genotypes. However, a similar three-way interaction was not significant in the case of peer rejection. Additionally, the split-half validation generally replicated these findings. More importantly, this study underscores complex polygenic underpinnings of depression and lends support for the gene–gene–environment interactions implicated in the etiology of depressive symptoms.
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Author Contributions
Y.C. conceived of the study and participated in the interpretation of the data, performed the statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript; X.L. helped to draft the manuscript and participated in the interpretation of the data; L.C. helped to perform the statistical analysis; L.J. participated in the design; W.Z. conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671156) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622249).
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Cao, Y., Lin, X., Chen, L. et al. The Catechol-O-Methyltransferase and Dopamine Transporter Genes Moderated the Impact of Peer Relationships on Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: A Gene–Gene–Environment Study. J Youth Adolescence 47, 2468–2480 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0925-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0925-3