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Transition to a New Country: Acculturative and Developmental Predictors for Changes in Self-Efficacy among Adolescent Immigrants

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Abstract

Self-efficacy is a key personal resource in individual development and successful adaptation, and it can serve innumerable purposes. Our study investigated levels and change rates in self-efficacy among newcomer and more experienced immigrant adolescents and tested whether acculturation-related and developmental variables explained inter-individual differences in self-efficacy in both groups. The sample comprised 480 newcomer (59% female, 15.8 years old) and 483 experienced (55% female, 15.9 years old) immigrant adolescents, assessed in four annual waves. Latent growth curve models showed newcomers to have lower levels and more pronounced increases of self-efficacy as compared to experienced immigrant adolescents. Both acculturation-related and developmental variables predicted self-efficacy. The results highlight the need for focusing on immigration stages and support the notion of combining developmental and acculturative factors in the study of immigrant adolescents.

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Notes

  1. As we collected data from schools, the data have a nested structure. However, the intraclass correlations suggested only a very limited variation in adolescents’ self-efficacy at the school level (.028 at T1 and .014 at T4). Moreover, the largest design effect, 1 + (average cluster size [20.24]-1) * intraclass correlation was 1.63 at T2, and thus well below 2, suggesting that clustering at the classroom level did not significantly affect standard error estimation (Muthén and Satorra 1995). We therefore did not control for the nested data structure in our analyses.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Rainer K. Silbereisen for support with the data, and both Burkhard Gniewosz and Andrea Michel for advice regarding the methodology. This project was funded through the German Israeli Project Cooperation (DIP-4.1) on behalf of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung). Principal investigators: Rainer K. Silbereisen, Gideon Fishman, Gustavo Mesch, and Zvi Eisikovits.

Author Contributions

P.F.T. and P.J. conceived of the study. P.F.T. participated in the design and data collection and drafted the manuscript. P.J. conducted most analyses for the study and drafted parts of the manuscript, particularly with regard to the results section. Both authors participated in the interpretation of the data, read, edited, and approved the final manuscript.

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  1. Department of Psychology, Leibniz University Hanover, Hanover, Germany

    Peter F. Titzmann

  2. Department of Sociology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Peter F. Titzmann

  3. Department of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Philipp Jugert

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Titzmann, P.F., Jugert, P. Transition to a New Country: Acculturative and Developmental Predictors for Changes in Self-Efficacy among Adolescent Immigrants. J Youth Adolescence 46, 2143–2156 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0665-9

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