Abstract
The 2022 MS 6.9 (MW 6.6) Menyuan earthquake occurred in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and was recorded by a large number of recently installed micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) stations within 100-km fault distance. By comparing the pre-event noises and earthquake signals in time domain and frequency domain, it is found that the records are feasible to be used to analyze ground motion parameters. These records provide a database for analyzing the main features of the ground motions recorded by MEMS stations, in terms of ground motion models (GMMs), near-field impulsive characteristics, and seismic intensities. The observed ground motion parameters are compared with the predicted values by Boore et al. (Earthq Spectra 30(3):1057–1085, 2014) GMM model, and it is found that the GMM model predicts higher shaking at the short and medium periods and lower shaking at the long periods. However, the shaking intensities at the short periods for Central Italy 2016 earthquake sequence are well predicted by the GMM model. The observed Chinese seismic intensity (CSI) by instruments is compared with modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) and surveyed macroseismic intensity (SMI), and it is found that CSI values are 0.73 intensity unit greater than MMI values and high SMI can be well predicted by CSI. Ground motions at three stations are classified as pulse-like based on the methodology by Baltzopoulos et al. (Bull Seismol Soc Am 110(4):1495–1505, 2020), and whether the pulses have been caused by forward directivity or fling step is discussed, and only one station may be directivity related and the other two are still inconclusive. Finally the earthquake damage of a high-speed railway bridge in the intensity IX area is presented.
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Acknowledgements
The comments of two anonymous reviewers and associated editor are very helpful for improving the quality of the article.
Funding
This research was partially supported by Scientific Research Fund of Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration (grant No. 2021B08), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. U2039209 and 5150082083).
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Data and resources
MEMS strong motion data for this study were provided by China Strong Motion Network Center at the Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration. The SMI map is available at https://www.cea.gov.cn/cea/xwzx/fzjzyw/5646200/index.html (in Chinese). Surface ruptures from the remote sensing image by National Institute of Natural Hazards is available at http://www.ninhm.ac.cn/content/details_35_3079.html (in Chinese). The Earthquake damage photos for Liuhuanggou high-speed railway bridge provided by Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, are available at https://www.iem.ac.cn/detail.html?id=2340 (in Chinese). The finite fault model is available at https://www.cea-igp.ac.cn/kydt/278809.html (in Chinese). The seismic intensity and design characteristic period for design basis earthquake are available at http://www.gb18306.net/ (in Chinese). The global VS30 data provided by USGS is available at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/data/vs30/. The programs to calculate predicted ground motion parameters by the BSSA14, ASK14, CY14, and AS16 GMMs are available at https://www.daveboore.com/software_online.html and https://github.com/bakerjw/GMMs. Pulse identification algorithm in Baker (2007) is available at https://www.jackwbaker.com/pulse-classification_old.html. The StepFit method to correct strong motion accelerogram for baseline offset is available at https://github.com/dmelgarm/baselineK. The flatfile with the strong-motion parameters for Central Italy 2016 earthquake sequence is available at http://esm.mi.ingv.it/flatfile-2017/. All of the above websites were last accessed February 2022. WaveLab package to produce time–frequency energy distributions was obtained from https://statweb.stanford.edu/~wavelab/Wavelab_850/pcdownload.html (last accessed March 2018; however, the access permission for package download is denied in June 2022). Some of the plots were produced using Generic Mapping Tools (version 6) (Wessel et al. 2019).
Highlights
• Records from MEMS stations are feasible for analyzing ground motion parameters.
• The PGAs and PSAs at short and medium periods are noticeably overestimated by GMM.
• Pulse-like ground motions are identified, and the station closest to the epicenter has pulse indicator greater than 0.85 at almost all orientations.
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Tao, D., Lu, J., Ma, Q. et al. Analysis of near-field strong motion observations and damages of Menyuan earthquake on 8 January 2022 based on dense MEMS stations. J Seismol 26, 1245–1265 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-022-10113-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-022-10113-9