Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Simulating the near-fault large velocity pulses of the Chi-Chi (Mw7.6) earthquake with kinematic model

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Seismology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The large number of pulses recorded during the 1999 Mw7.6 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake provided an important data for this study. The prediction of near-fault velocity pulses generated by large earthquakes can provide some reference for the Engineering anti-earthquake design. Based on the established source model and velocity structure model, this paper attempts to use the 3D finite difference method to simulate the 39 near-fault large velocity pulses. The conclusions are the following: (1) Two-segment “shovel-like” fault model constructed by 3D bending plane can better describe the characteristics of the underground real fault. (2) The seismic moment and rise time of the six asperities determine the peak and period of the velocity pulse. The asperities located at shallow low angle mainly affect the horizontal pulse components, and the asperities at high angle contribute more to the vertical pulse component. (3) The difference in sliding properties between the north and south ends of the fault causes a difference in the horizontal pulse components, reflecting the characteristics of the fling-step effect and directivity effect. (4) The characteristic period of the velocity response spectrum has the maximum near the turning point at the north end of the fault and shows a very obvious hanging wall effect in the near-fault region, resulting in the large-scale structures having severe damage because of large resonance effect. (5) Peak ground velocity (PGV) gradually increases from south to north along the fault and PGV on the hanging wall is significantly larger than PGV on the footwall, and the distribution of the pulses in front of the rupture is wider than that of the rear. Because the simulation results are basically consistent with the real records, this also verifies the feasibility of simulating pulse-like ground motions with the 3D finite difference method.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aki K (1968) Seismic displacements near a fault. J Geophys Res 73(16):5359–5376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aoi S, Fujiwara H (1999) 3D finite difference method using discontinuous grids. Bull Seismol Soc Am 89(4):918–930

    Google Scholar 

  • Aoi S, Maeda T, Nishizawa N, Aoki T (2012) Large-scale ground motion simulation using GPGPU, AGU, Fall Meeting, S53G-06

  • Baker JW (2007) Quantitative classification of near-fault ground motions using wavelet analysis. Bull Seismol Soc Am 97(5):1486–1501. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen CH, Teng TL, Gung YC (1998) Ten-second love-wave propagation and strong ground motions in Taiwan. J Geophys Res 103(B9):21253–21273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chi WC, Dreger D, Kaverina A (2001) Finite-source modeling of the 1999 Taiwan (Chi-Chi) earthquake derived from a dense strong-motion network. Bull Seismol Soc Am 91(5):1144–1157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson BW, Gavin HP (2011) Parametric statistical generalization of uniform-hazard earthquake ground motions. J Struct Eng 137(3):410–422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ding HP, Liu QF, Jin X (2006) A method of numerical simulation for long-period strong ground motion by 3-D FEM. Earthq Eng Eng Vib 26(5):27–31 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao MT, Yu YX, Zhang XM, Wu J, Hu P, Ding YH (2002) Three-dimensional finite-difference simulations of ground motions in the Beijing area. Earthq Res Chin 18(4):356–364 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Graves RW (1998) Three-dimensional finite-difference modeling of the San Andreas fault: source parameterization and ground motion levels. Bull Seismol Soc Am 88(4):881–897

    Google Scholar 

  • Guatteri M, Spudich P (1998) Coseismic temporal changes of slip direction: the effect of absolute stress on dynamic rupture. Bull Seismol Soc Am 88(3):777–789

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanks TC, Kanamori H (1979) A moment magnitude scale. J Geophys Res 84(B5):2348–2350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang CT, Chen SS (2000) Near-field characteristics and engineering implications of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. Earthq Eng Eng Seismol 2(1):23–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Hung J, Suppe J (2002) Subsurface geometry of the Sani-Chelungpu faults and fold scarp formation in the 1999 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake, AGU, Fall Meeting, T61B-1268

  • Irikura K, Miyake H (2011) Recipe for predicting strong ground motion from crustal earthquake scenarios. Pure Appl Geophys 168:85–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0150-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irikura K, Miyakoshi K, Kamae K, Yoshida K, Somei K, Kurahashi S, Miyake H (2017) Applicability of source scaling relations for crustal earthquakes to estimation of the ground motions of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. Earth Planets Space 69(10):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0586-y

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwaki A, Morikawa N, Maeda T, Aoi S, Fujiwara H (2013) Finite-difference simulation of long-period ground motion for the Sagami Trough megathrust earthquakes. J Disa Res 8(5):926–940

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iwaki A, Maeda T, Morikawa N, Miyake H, Fujiwara H (2016) Validation of the recipe for broadband ground-motion simulations of Japanese crustal earthquakes. Bull Seismol Soc Am 106(5):2214–2232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SJ, Chen HW, Ma KF (2007) Strong ground motion simulation of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake from a realistic three-dimensional source and crustal structure. J Geophys Res 112:B06307. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004615

    Google Scholar 

  • Li CF, Zhang Y, Zhao JB, Tang H (2006) Long-period ground motion characteristics of the 1999 Jiji(Chi-Chi), Taiwan, mainshock and aftershocks. Acta Seismol Sin 19(4):448–460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma KF, Wang JH, Zhao D (1996) Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath Taiwan. J Phys Earth 44(2):85–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma KF, Mori J, Lee SJ, Yu SB (2001) Spatial and temporal distribution of slip for the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am 91(5):1069–1087

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maeda T, Morikawa N, Iwaki A, Aoi S, Fujiwara H (2014) Simulation-based hazard assessment for long-period ground motions of the Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake, AGU, Fall Meeting, S31C-4438

  • Mavroeidis GP, Papageorgiou AS (2003) A mathematical representation of near-fault ground motions. Bull Seismol Soc Am 93(3):1099–1131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikumo T, Hirahara K, Miyatake T (1987) Dynamical fault rupture processes in heterogeneous media. Tectonophysics 144(1):19–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murotani S, Miyake H, Koketsu K (2008) Scaling of characterized slip models for plate-boundary earthquakes. Earth Planets Space 60(9):987–991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohminato T, Chouet B (1997) A free-surface boundary condition for including 3D topography in the finite-difference method. Bull Seismol Soc Am 87(2):494–515

    Google Scholar 

  • Pu WC, Liang RJ, Dai FY, Huang B (2017) An analytical model for approximating pulse-like near-fault ground motions. J Vib Shock 36(4):208–213. https://doi.org/10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2017.04.033 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shin TC, Teng TL (2001) An overview of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am 91(5):895–913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Somerville P, Irikura K, Graves R, Sawada S, Wald D, Abrahamson N, Iwasaki Y, Kagawa T, Smith N, Kowada N (1999) Characterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strong ground motion. Seismol Res Lett 70(1):59–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Y, Zhang W, Chen X (2016) Seismic-wave modeling in the presence of surface topography in 2D general anisotropic media by a curvilinear grid finite-difference method. Bull Seismol Soc Am 106(3):1036–1054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang JH, Huang MW, Chen KC, Hwang RD, Chang WY (2002) Aspects of characteristics of near-fault ground motions of the 1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake. J Chin Inst Eng 25(5):507–519

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang WM, Zhao LF, Li J, Yao ZX (2005) Rupture process of the Chi-Chi(Taiwan)earthquake in 1999. Chin J Geophys 48(1):132–147 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu C, Takeo M, Ide S (2001) Source process of the chi-chi earthquake: a joint inversion of strong motion data and global positioning system data with a multifault model. Bull Seismol Soc Am 91(5):1128–1143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie JJ, Wen ZP, Li XJ, Li YQ, Lv HS, Huang JY (2012) Analysis of velocity pulses for near-fault strong motions from the Wenchuan earthquake based on wavelet method. Chin J Geophys 55(6):1963–1972. https://doi.org/10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.06.017 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu LJ, Xie LL (2005) Characteristics of frequency content of near-fault ground motions during the Chi-Chi earthquake. Acta Seismol Sin 18(6):707–716

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu YX, Gao MT (2001) Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on peak acceleration during the Jiji (Chi-Chi), Taiwan Province, earthquake. Acta Seismol Sin 14(6):654–659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng Y, Chen CH (2001) Fault rupture process of the 20 September 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am 91(5):1088–1098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang WB, Yu XW (2010) Strong ground motion simulation of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. J Earthq Eng Eng Vib 30(3):1–11 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang WB, Iwata T, Irikura K, Pitarka A, Sekiguchi H (2004) Dynamic rupture process of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. Geophys Res Lett 31:L10605. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019827

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The GMS software used for numerical simulation is provided by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience in Japan. The earthquake records come from the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan (http://scweb.cwb.gov.tw/). The authors thank the reviewers for their very helpful comments.

Funding

This research work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (51678537) and the National Key Research and Development Program (2017YFC1500205).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, 100081, China

    Quanbo Luo, Xueliang Chen, Mengtan Gao, Zongchao Li, Zhen Zhang & Dian Zhou

Authors
  1. Quanbo Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xueliang Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mengtan Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zongchao Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhen Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Dian Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xueliang Chen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Luo, Q., Chen, X., Gao, M. et al. Simulating the near-fault large velocity pulses of the Chi-Chi (Mw7.6) earthquake with kinematic model. J Seismol 23, 25–38 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-018-9791-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-018-9791-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation