Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Magnetic Properties of the Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor Zn1-xCoxO Nanoparticles

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The magnetic properties of the dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS) are due the existence of two competing interactions, a direct ferromagnetic interaction and an indirect antiferromagnetic interaction. This is well established in the Zn1-xMnxO DMS, but is controversy in the Zn1-xCoxO DMS. To gain insights, a series of Co-substituted ZnO NRs (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05) have been fabricated using a low-temperature hydrothermal method. The magnetization of these Co-doped ZnO NPs was measured with a vibrating sample magneto-meter. Expressing the magnetization results in units of Bohr magnetons per Co ions, it is found that the ferromagnetic contributions become more dominant as more magnetic Co ions are doped into the ZnO NPs. X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray, scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence measurements were done to characterize the Co:ZnO NPs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Matthais, B.T., Bozorth, R.M., Van Vleck, J.H.: Ferromagnetic interaction in EuO. Phys. Rev. Lett. 7(5), 160–161 (1961)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Schmehl, A., Vaithyanathan, V., Herrnberger, A., Thiel, S., Richter, C., Liberati, M., Heeg, T., Röckerath, M., Kourkoutis, L.F., Mühlbauer, S., Böni, P., Muller, D.A., Barash, Y., Schubert, J., Idzerda, Y., Mannhart, J., Schlom, D.G.: Epitaxial integration of the highly spin-polarized ferromagnetic semiconductor EuO with silicon and GaN. Nat. Mater. 6, 882–887 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Furdyna, J.K.: Diluted magnetic semiconductors. J. Appl. Phys. 64, R29–R32 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.341700

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ohno, D.: (Ga, Mn) As: a new diluted magnetic semiconductor based on GaAs. A ppl. Phys. Lett. 69, 363–365 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.118061

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Dietl, T., Ohno, H., Matsukura, F., Cibert, J., Ferrand, D.: Zener model description of ferromagnetism in zinc-blende magnetic semiconductors. Science. 287, 1019–1022 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Zener, C.: Interaction between the d shells in the transition metals. Phys. Rev. 81(4), 440–444 (1950)

    ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Coey, J.M.D., Venkatesan, M., Fitzgerald, C.B.: Donor impurity band exchange in dilute ferromagnetic oxides. Nat. Mater. 4(2), 173–179 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ventatesan, M., Fitzgerald, C.B., Lumney, J.G., Coey, J.M.D.: Anisotropic ferromagnetism in substituted zinc oxide. Phys. Rev. Lett. 17, 1772061–1772064 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Anghei, J., Thurber, A., Tenne, D.A., Hanna, C.B., Punnoosa, A.: Correlation between saturation magnetization, bandgap, and lattice volume of transition metal (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni) doped Zn1−xMxO nanoparticles. J. Appl. Phys. 107, 09E3141–09E3143 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3360189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Durst, A.C., Bhatt, R.N., Wolff, P.A.: Bound magnetic polaron interactions in insulating doped diluted magnetic semiconductors. Phys. Rev. B. 65, 2352051–23520510 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Thongjamroon, S., Ding, J., Herng, T.S., Tang, I.M., Thongmee, S.: Dependence of the magnetic properties of the dilute magnetic semiconductor Zn1-x Mnx O nanorods on their Mn doping levels. JMMM. 439, 391–396 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ueda, K., Tabata, H., Kawai, T.: Magnetic and electric properties of transition-metal-doped ZnO films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 988–990 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1384478

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ney, A.: Element specific versus integral structural and magnetic properties of co:ZnO and Gd:GaN probed with hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Materials. 3, 3565–3613 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Tietze, T., Gacic, M., Schütz, G., Jakob, G., Brück, S., Goering, E.: XMCD studies on Co and Li doped ZnO magnetic semiconductors. New J. Phys. 10, 055009 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Martinez, B., Sandiumenge, F., Balcells, L., Arbiol, J., Sibieude, F., Monty, C.: Structure and magnetic properties of Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Phys. Rev. B. 72, 1652021–1652028 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Balti, I., Mezni, A., Omrani, A.D., Leone, P., Viana, B., Brinza, O., Smiri, L.S., Jouini, N.: Comparative study of Ni- and Co-substituted ZnO nanoparticles: synthesis, optical, and magnetic properties. J. Phys. Chem. C. 115, 15758–15766 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Franco Jr., A., Pessoni, H.V.S., Ribeiro, P.R.T., Machado, F.L.A.: Magnetic properties of Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles. JMMM. 426, 347–350 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. John Willey & Sons: Introduction to solid state physics, 4th edition. In: USA (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Djurisic, A.B., Choy, W.C.H., Roy, V.A.L., Leung, Y.H., Kwong, C.Y., Cheah, K.W., Gundu Rao, T.K., Chan, W.K., Fei Lui, H., Surya, C.: Photoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance of ZnO tetrapod structures. Adv. Funct. Mater. 14, 856–864 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tauc, J.: Optical properties and electronic structure of amorphous Ge and Si. Mater. Res. Bull. 3, 37–46 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Edwards, S.F., Jones, R.C.: A green function theory of spin waves in randomly disordered systems. J. Phys. C4, 2109–2126 (1971)

  22. Coey, J.M.D., Venkatesam, M., Fitzgerald, C.B.: Donor impurity band exchange in dilute ferromagnetic oxides. Nat. Mater. 4(2), 173–179 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mohamed Basith, N., Vijaya, J., Kennedy, L.J., Bououdina, M., Jenefor, S., Kaviyanasan, V.: Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles: structural, morphological, optical, magnetic and anti bacterial studies. J. Nanosci. Technol. 30(11), 1108–1117 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Castro, T.J., Rodrigues, P.A.M., Oliveira, A.C., Franco Jr., A., Pessoni, H.V.S., Morais, P.C., de Silva, S.W.: Optical and magnetic properties of Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles and the onset of ferromagnetic order. J. Appl. Phys. 121, 013904 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Sharma, V.K., Najm, M., Srivastava, A.K., Varma, G.D.: Structural and magnetic studies on transition metal (Mn, Co) doped ZnO nanoparticles. JMMM. 324, 683–689 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Royal Golden Jubilee Scholarship (The Thailand Research Fund) and the King Mongkut’s University of Technology, Thonburi, through the KMUTT 55th Anniversary Commemorative Fund.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kesartsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand

    Prissana Robkhob & Sirikanjana Thongmee

  2. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand

    I. Ming Tang

Authors
  1. Prissana Robkhob
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. Ming Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sirikanjana Thongmee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sirikanjana Thongmee.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Robkhob, P., Tang, I.M. & Thongmee, S. Magnetic Properties of the Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor Zn1-xCoxO Nanoparticles. J Supercond Nov Magn 32, 3637–3645 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-019-5135-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-019-5135-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation