Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Magnetic Behaviour of Granular GdMnO3 Film

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study deals with the investigation of magnetic properties along with morphological and microstructure analyses of a multiferroic GdMnO3 film fabricated on Si(100) substrate by the pulsed laser deposition technique. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopic analysis suggests that the film is fabricated in the form of diffused layers having different stoichiometric proportions. Raman spectroscopy signifies that few modes present in the film are associated with MnO6 octahedra and some extra peaks indicating the mixed phase formation in tuning with the Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy confirms the granular nature of the film. Field-cooled and zero-field-cooled thermal magnetization curves show irreversible behaviour extending well above room temperature, which is associated with spin disorder. The presence of Gd+3 state and Mn+3/Mn+4 mixed states in the uppermost layers of the film was confirmed by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure. Subsequently, in association with these observations, the film is a weak ferromagnetic at 5 K and even at room temperature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ramsteiner, M., Brandt, O., Flissikowski, T., Grahn, H.T., Hashimoto, M., Herfort, J., Kostial, H.: Co2FeSi/GaAs/(Al,Ga)As spin light-emitting diodes: competition between spin injection and ultrafast spin alignment. Phys. Rev. B 78, 121303 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ikeda, S., Miura, K., Yamamoto, H., Mizunuma, K., Gan, H.D., Endo, M., Kanai, S., Hayakawa, J., Matsukura, F., Ohno, H.: A perpendicular-anisotropy CoFeB–MgO magnetic tunnel junction. Nat. Mater. 9, 721–724 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Alzate, J.G., Amiri, P.K., Yu, G.Q., Upadhyaya P., Katine, J.A., Langer, J., Ocker, B., Krivorotov, I.N., Wang K.L.: Temperature dependence of the voltage-controlled perpendicular anisotropy in nanoscale MgO—CoFeB— Ta magnetic tunnel junctions. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 112401 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kimura, T., Lawes, G., Goto, T., Tokura, Y., Ramirez, A.P.: Magnetoelectric phase diagrams of orthorhombic RMnO3 (R =Gd, Tb, and Dy). Phys. Rev. B 71, 224425 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ribeiro, J.L.: Symmetry and magnetically driven ferroelectricity in rare-earth manganites RMnO3 (R = Gd, Tb, Dy). Phys. Rev. B 76, 144417 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Baier, J., Meier, D., Berggold, K., Hemberger, J., Balbashov, A., Mydosh, J.A., Lorenz, T.: Hysteresis effects in the phase diagram of multiferroic GdMnO3. Phys. Rev. B 73, 100402 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Arima, T., Goto, T., Yamasaki, Y.: Magnetic-field-induced transition in the lattice modulation of colossal magnetoelectric GdMnO3 and TbMnO3compounds. Phys. Rev. B 72, 100102 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Andreev, N.V., Sviridova, T.A., Tabachkova, N. Yu., Chichkov, V.I., Mukovskii, Ya. M.: The growth, structure, and magnetic properties of thin epitaxial films of GdMnO3 multiferroics. Russ. Microlectron. 41, 511–515 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lyonnet, R., Maurice, J.L., Hÿtch, M.J., Michel, D., Contour, J.P.: Heterostructures of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/SrTiO3/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 grown by pulsed laser deposition on (001) SrTiO3. Appl. Surf. Sci. 162, 245–249 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Coy, L.E., Rebled, J., Ventura, J., Yate, L., Ferrater, C., Langenberg, E., Polo, M.C., Xuriguera, E., Peiro, F., Varela, M.: Crystalline domains in epitaxial Y(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O 3 thin films grown by PLD on different STO substrates. Appl. Surf. Sci. 324, 114–122 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Li, X., Lu, C., Dai, J., Dong, S., Chen, Y., Hu, N., Wu, G., Liu, M., Yan, Z., Liu, J.M.: Novel multiferroicity in GdMnO3 thin films with self-assembled nano-twinned domains. Nature Scientific Reports 4, 7019 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ferreira, W.S., Moreira, J.A., Almeida, A., Chaves, M.R., Araújo, J.P., Oliveira, J.B., Silva, J.M.M.D., Sa, M.A., Mendonca, T.M., Carvalho, P.S., Kreisel, J., Ribeiro, J.L., Vieira, L.G., Tavares, P.B., Mendonca, S.: Spin-phonon coupling and magnetoelectric properties: EuMnO3 versus GdMnO3. Phys. Rev. B 054303, 79 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Negi, P., Dixit, G., Agrawal, H.M., Srivastava, R.C.: Structural, optical and magnetic properties of multiferroic GdMnO3 nanoparticles. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 26, 1611–1615 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Das, R., Jaiswal, A, Poddar, P.: Static and dynamic magnetic properties and interplay of Dy3+, Gd3+and Mn3+ spins in orthorhombic DyMnO and Mn3+ spins in orthorhombic DyMnO3 and GdMnO3 nanoparticles. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 46, 045301 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Modi, A., Thakur, R.K., Thakur, R., Gaur, N.K.: Magnetic transport behaviour of multiferroic GdMnO3. AIP Conf. Proc. 1661, 06003 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Vlakhov, E., Blagoev, B., Mateev, E., Neshkov, L., Nurgaliev, T., Lakov, L., Toncheva, K., Marinov, Y., Nenkov, K., Radulov, I., Piotrowski, K., Paszkowicz, W., Szewczyk, A., Baran, M., Szymczak, R.: Magnetron sputtering deposition and characterization of GdMnO3 thin films. J. Optoelectron. Adv. M 9, 456–459 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Doolittle, L.R.: A semiautomatic algorithm for Rutherford backscattering analysis. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B 15, 227 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Singh, J.P., Lim, W.C., Chae, K.H.: Atomic diffusion processes in MgO/Fe/MgO multilayer. Superlattice. Microst. 88, 609 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang, T.J., Wang, J., Zhang, B.S., Wang, J.Z., Wan, N., Hu, L.: Preparation and dielectric properties of compositionally graded (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin film by sol-gel technique, vol. 16, pp sl19-sl22 (2006)

  20. Cole, M.W., Ngo, E., Hirsch, S., Demaree, J.D., Zhong, S., Alpay, S.P.: The fabrication and material properties of compositionally multilayered Ba1−x Sr x TiO3 thin films for realization of temperature insensitive tunable phase shifter devices. J. Appl. Phys. 102, 034104 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Raj, A.M.E., Nehru, L.C., Jayachandran, M., Sanjeeviraja, C.: Spray pyrolysis deposition and characterization of highly (100) oriented magnesium oxide thin films. Cryst. Res. Technol. 42, 867–875 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Chen, X.Y., Wong, K.H., Mak, C.L., Yin, X.B., Wang, M., Liu, J.M., Liu, Z.G.: Selective growth of (100)-, (110)- and (111)-oriented MgO films on Si(100) by pulsed laser deposition. J. Appl. Phys. 91, 5728 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kleiman, S., Chaim, R.: Thermal stability of MgO nanoparticles. Mater. Lett. 61, 4489–4491 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Negi, P., Agrawal, H.M., Srivastava, R.C., Asokan, K.: Fabrication of multiferroic GdMnO3 thin film by pulsed laser deposition technique. AIP Conf. Proc. 1451, 169 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Iliev, M.N., Hadjiev, V.G., Litvinchuk, A.P., Yen, F., Wang, Y.Q., Sun, Y.Y., Jandl, S., Laverdiere, J., Popov, V.N., Gospodinov, M.M.: Multiple-order Raman scattering from rare-earth manganites: oxygen isotope and rare-earth substitution effects. Phys. Rev. B 75, 064303 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Abbate, M, de Groot F.M.F., Fuggle, J.C., Fujimori, A., Strebel, O., Lopez, F., Domke, M., Kaindl, G., Sawatzky, G.A., Takano, M., Takeda, Y., Eisaki, H., Uchida, S.: Controlled-valence properties of La1−x Sr x FeO3 and La1−x Sr x MnO3 studied by soft-x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 46, 4511 (1992)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wu, Z.Y., Benfatto, M., Pedio, M., Cimino, R., Mobilio, S., Barman, S.R., Maiti, K., Sarma, D.D.: Theoretical analysis of x-ray-absorption near-edge fine structure at the O and metal K edges of LaFeO3 and LaCoO3. Phys. Rev. B 56, 2228 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Singh, J.P., Gautam, S., Kumar, P., Tripathi, A., Chen, J.-M., Chae, K.H., Asokan, K.: Correlation between the dielectric properties and local electronic structure of copper doped calcium titanate. J. Alloys Compd. 572, 84–89 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Grush, M.M., Chen, J., Stemmler, T.L., George, S.J., Ralston, C.Y., Stibrany, R.T., Gelasco, A., Christou, G., Gorun, S.M., Penner-Hahn, J.E., Cramer, S.P.: Manganese L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy of manganese catalase from Lactobacillus plantarum and mixed valence manganese complexes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 65–69 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. de Groot, F.M.F., Fuggle, J.C., Thole, B.T., Sawatzky, G.A.: 2p x-ray absorption of 3d transition-metal compounds: an atomic multiplet description including the crystal field. Phys. Rev. B 42, 5459–5468 (1990)

  31. Thole, B.T., Laan, G.V.D., Fuggle, J.C., Sawatzky, G.A., Karanatak, R.C., Esteva, J.M: 3d x-ray-absorption lines and the 3d94fn+1 multiplets of the lanthanides. Phys. R.v. B 32, 5107–5118 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kimura, T., Ishihara, S., Shintani, H., Arima, T., Takahashi, K.T., Ishizaka, K., Tokura, Y.: Distorted perovskite with \({e_{g}^{1}} \) configuration as a frustrated spin system. Phys. Rev. B 68(R), 060403 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hemberger, J., Lobina, S., Nidda, H.A.K.V., Tristan, N., Ivanov, V.Y., Mukhin, A.A., Balbashov, A.M., Loidl, A.: Complex interplay of 3d and 4f magnetism in La1−x Gd x MnO3. Phys. Rev. B 70, 024414 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

H.M.A. is thankful to IUAC, New Delhi, for funding research project no. UFR-49309. The authors would like to acknowledge UGC-DAE-CSR, Indore centre, India, for providing the PLD, SQUID-VSM and Raman spectroscopy facilities and IUAC, New Delhi, for providing RBS and AFM facilities. P. N. is also thankful to Dr. R. J. Choudhary for their valuable suggestions during PLD and magnetic measurements and to Dr. Sunil Ojha for RBS measurement at IUAC, New Delhi.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, 173101, India

    Puneet Negi

  2. Department of Physics, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India

    Puneet Negi, H. M. Agrawal, Hemaunt Kumar & R. C. Srivastava

  3. Advanced Analysis Centre, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea

    Jitendra Pal Singh & Keun Hwa Chae

  4. Materials Science Division, Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, 110067, India

    K. Asokan

Authors
  1. Puneet Negi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. M. Agrawal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jitendra Pal Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hemaunt Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. R. C. Srivastava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. K. Asokan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Keun Hwa Chae
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Puneet Negi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Negi, P., Agrawal, H.M., Singh, J.P. et al. Magnetic Behaviour of Granular GdMnO3 Film. J Supercond Nov Magn 30, 1419–1425 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-016-3936-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-016-3936-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation