Skip to main content
Log in

Religion and the Risks of Sexually Transmissible Infections: Evidence from Britain

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Religion and Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although a growing body of literature has explored the association between religion and the prevalence of sexually transmissible infections (STIs), the focus has mainly been on HIV/AIDS and developing countries. Using data from the British National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal), we examine the direct association between religion and the prevalence of STIs including individual perception of exposure and risk of STIs. We focus on the importance of religion to respondents, religious affiliation as well as frequency of attendance to religious meetings. Our analyses suggest that being religious and frequently attending religious meetings are associated with lower odds of being diagnosed with STIs as well as lower self-assessed risk of getting HIV/AIDS. This seems particularly true for adherents of Christianity and more specifically, those of the Catholic denomination.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Abbott et al. (2016) define sexual attitudes as the different ways in which individuals feel and think about sex and sexuality including premarital sex and homosexuality.

References

  • Abbott, D. M., Harris, J. E., & Mollen, D. (2016). The impact of religious commitment on women’s sexual self-esteem. Sexuality & Culture, 20(4), 1063–1082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-016-9374-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adamczyk, A., & Hayes, B. E. (2012). Religion and sexual behaviors: Understanding the influence of Islamic cultures and religious affiliation for explaining sex outside of marriage. American Sociological Review, 77(5), 723–746.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agadjanian, V. (2005). Gender, religious involvement, and HIV/AIDS prevention in Mozambique. Social Science & Medicine, 61(7), 1529–1539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahrold, T. K., Farmer, M., Trapnell, P. D., & Meston, C. M. (2011). The relationship among sexual attitudes, sexual fantasy, and religiosity. Archives of sexual behavior, 40(3), 619–630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-010-9621-4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Awaworyi Churchill, S., Farrell, L., & Smyth, R. (2019). Neighbourhood ethnic diversity and mental health in Australia. Health Economics, 28(9), 1075–1087. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3928.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Awaworyi Churchill, S., Ocloo, J. E., & Siawor-Robertson, D. (2017). Ethnic diversity and health outcomes. Social Indicators Research, 134(3), 1077–1112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1454-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barkan, S. E. (2006). Religiosity and premarital sex in adulthood. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 45(3), 407–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beadnell, B., Morrison, D. M., Wilsdon, A., Wells, E. A., Murowchick, E., Hoppe, M., et al. (2005). Condom use, frequency of sex, and number of partners: Multidimensional characterization of adolescent sexual risk-taking. The Journal of Sex Research, 42(3), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490509552274.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Call, V. R., & Heaton, T. B. (1997). Religious influence on marital stability. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36, 382–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christiano, K. J., Swatos, W. H., & Kivisto, P. (2015). Sociology of religion: Contemporary developments. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochran, J. K., Chamlin, M. B., Beeghley, L., & Fenwick, M. (2004). Religion, religiosity, and nonmarital sexual conduct: An application of reference group theory. Sociological Inquiry, 74(1), 70–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, J. K., Moore, N. B., & Ullstrup, K. M. (2004). Religiosity and sexual responsibility: Relationships of choice. American Journal of Health Behavior, 28(4), 335–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doolittle, B. R., Justice, A. C., & Fiellin, D. A. (2018). Religion, spirituality, and HIV clinical outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. AIDS and Behavior22(6), 1792–1801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1651-z.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Erens, B., Phelps, A., Clifton, S., Mercer, C. H., Tanton, C., Hussey, D., et al. (2013). Methodology of the third British National Survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles (Natsal-3). Sexually Transmitted Infections. https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2013-051359.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ford, K., & Lepkowski, J. M. (2004). Characteristics of sexual partners and STD infection among American adolescents. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 15(4), 260–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawsar, M., Anfield, A., Walters, E., McCabe, S., & Forster, G. (2004). Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and mental health needs of female child and adolescent survivors of rape and sexual assault attending a specialist clinic. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 80(2), 138–141.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimberly, C., Werner-Wilson, R., & Motes, Z. (2014). Brief report: Expanding the brief sexual attitudes scale. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 11(1), 88–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lefkowitz, E. S., Gillen, M. M., Shearer, C. L., & Boone, T. L. (2004). Religiosity, sexual behaviors, and sexual attitudes during emerging adulthood. The Journal of Sex Research, 41(2), 150–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490409552223.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luquis, R. R., Brelsford, G. M., & Rojas-Guyler, L. (2012). Religiosity, spirituality, sexual attitudes, and sexual behaviors among college students. Journal of Religion and Health, 51(3), 601–614.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macdowall, W., Jones, K. G., Tanton, C., Clifton, S., Copas, A. J., Mercer, C. H., et al. (2015). Associations between source of information about sex and sexual health outcomes in Britain: Findings from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3). British Medical Journal Open. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007837.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manzou, R., Schumacher, C., & Gregson, S. (2014). Temporal dynamics of religion as a determinant of HIV infection in East Zimbabwe: A serial cross-sectional analysis. PLoS ONE, 9(1), e86060.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maybruch, C., Pirutinsky, S., & Pelcovitz, D. (2014). Religious premarital education and marital quality within the Orthodox Jewish community. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 13(4), 365–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McFarland, M. J., Uecker, J. E., & Regnerus, M. D. (2011). The role of religion in shaping sexual frequency and satisfaction: Evidence from married and unmarried older adults. Journal of Sex Research, 48(2–3), 297–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, C. H., Tanton, C., Prah, P., Erens, B., Sonnenberg, P., Clifton, S., et al. (2013). Changes in sexual attitudes and lifestyles in Britain through the life course and over time: Findings from the National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal). The Lancet, 382(9907), 1781–1794. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62035-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammed, H., Blomquist, P., Ogaz, D., Duffell, S., Furegato, M., Checchi, M., et al. (2018). 100 years of STIs in the UK: A review of national surveillance data. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 94(8), 553–558.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, K. M., Ciarrocchi, J. W., & Murray-Swank, N. A. (2007). Spirituality, religiosity, shame and guilt as predictors of sexual attitudes and experiences. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 35(3), 222–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Njus, D. M., & Bane, C. M. (2009). Religious identification as a moderator of evolved sexual strategies of men and women. Journal of Sex Research, 46(6), 546–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Obermeyer, C. M. (1992). Islam, women, and politics: The demography of Arab countries. Population and Development Review, 18(1), 33–60. https://doi.org/10.2307/1971858.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Regnerus, M. D. (2005). Talking about sex: Religion and patterns of parent–child communication about sex and contraception. The Sociological Quarterly, 46(1), 79–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, S. A., & El-Bassel, N. (2014). The influence of religion on sexual HIV risk. AIDS and Behavior, 18(8), 1569–1594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheeran, P., Abrams, D., Abraham, C., & Spears, R. (1993). Religiosity and adolescents’ premarital sexual attitudes and behaviour: An empirical study of conceptual issues. European Journal of Social Psychology, 23(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420230104.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sovran, S. (2013). Understanding culture and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. SAHARA: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance, 10(1), 32–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svare, E. I., Kjaer, S. K., Worm, A. M., Østerlind, A., Meijer, C. J. L. M., & van den Brule, A. J. C. (2002). Risk factors for genital HPV DNA in men resemble those found in women: A study of male attendees at a Danish STD clinic. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 78(3), 215–218. https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.78.3.215.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Takyi, B. K. (2003). Religion and women’s health in Ghana: Insights into HIV/AIDS preventive and protective behavior. Social Science & Medicine, 56(6), 1221–1234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanton, C., Jones, K. G., Macdowall, W., Clifton, S., Mitchell, K. R., Datta, J., et al. (2015). Patterns and trends in sources of information about sex among young people in Britain: evidence from three National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles. British Medical Journal Open. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007834.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trinitapoli, J. (2009). Religious teachings and influences on the ABCs of HIV prevention in Malawi. Social Science & Medicine, 69(2), 199–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trinitapoli, J., & Regnerus, M. D. (2006). Religion and HIV risk behaviors among married men: Initial results from a study in rural Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 45(4), 505–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uecker, J. E. (2008). Religion, pledging, and the premarital sexual behavior of married young adults. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(3), 728–744.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, W. B., Chaves, M., & Franz, D. (2004). Focused on the family? Religious traditions, family discourse, and pastoral practice. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 43(4), 491–504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, W. B., & Nock, S. L. (2006). What’s love got to do with it? Equality, equity, commitment and women’s marital quality. Social Forces, 84(3), 1321–1345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zou, J., Yamanaka, Y., John, M., Watt, M., Ostermann, J., & Thielman, N. (2009). Religion and HIV in Tanzania: Influence of religious beliefs on HIV stigma, disclosure, and treatment attitudes. BMC Public Health, 9(75), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-75.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

No funding sources declared.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sefa Awaworyi Churchill.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Appendix

Appendix

See Table 4.

Table 4 Description and summary statistics of variables

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Awaworyi Churchill, S., Appau, S. & Ocloo, J.E. Religion and the Risks of Sexually Transmissible Infections: Evidence from Britain. J Relig Health 60, 1613–1629 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01239-0

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01239-0

Keywords

JEL Classification

Navigation