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Ruthenium loaded moderate acidic SAPO-11 for hydrogenation of aromatic derivatives

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Abstract

Hydrotreating of lignin molecules by heterogeneous catalysts has been a significant area of research in recent eras. The current study describes the hydrotreatment of lignin-derived phenol, m-cresol, over ruthenium-incorporated SAPO-11. The developed catalyst hydrogenates m-cresol completely at 160 °C and 10 bar of hydrogen pressure, yielding 22% methyl cyclohexane, 22% methyl cyclohexanol, and 55% methyl cyclohexanone. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) studies using hydrogen as probe molecules show that metallic-ruthenium species exist on the SAPO-11. The desorption profile at 147–215 °C reveals the formation of dispersed metallic ruthenium on SAPO-11. The above observation is consistent with the in-situ formation of metallic ruthenium as an active species during the hydrotreating process at 160 °C in a hydrogen environment. The presence of ruthenium species increases the acidity of the ruthenium-incorporated SAPO-11 system, as demonstrated by the ammonia-temperature-programmed desorption profile. The increase in surface acidity and metallic ruthenium on the surface contribute to the hydrogenation of m-cresol via a hydrogen spillover process, as evidenced by hydrogen desorption in TPR using both fresh and reduced catalysts. The catalyst works for several cycles of m-cresol hydrotreating, and the system is easily regenerated, allowing it to maintain its original activity. The ruthenium incorporated SAPO-11 catalyst is a promising system as it can hydrogenate many other model systems, including guaiacol, toluene, anisole, and cumene.

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Acknowledgements

Dr. Soumya B. Narendranath acknowledges KSHEC, Govt. of Kerala for financial assistance (KSHEC-A3/344/Govt. Kerala-NKPDF/2022). Authors thank DST-SERB-CRG/2023/001107, for the financial support. Nimisha N P is grateful to DST INSPIRE (DST/INSPIRE/03/2019/000097) for the fellowship.

Funding

Funding was provided by Department of Science and Technology, Government of Kerala (Grant No. KSHEC-A3/344/Govt. Kerala-NKPDF/2022) and Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (Grant Nos. DST/INSPIRE/03/2019/000097 and DST-SERB-CRG/2023/001107).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Inorganic Materials and Heterogeneous Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Sabarmati Building, Tejaswini Hills, Kasaragod, 671320, India

    Soumya B. Narendranath, N. P. Nimisha, S. Namitha, K. Khadheejath Shabana & A. Sakthivel

  2. Department of Chemistry, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560004, India

    N. J. Venkatesha

  3. Department of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India

    Chamundi P. Jijil

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  1. Soumya B. Narendranath
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  2. N. P. Nimisha
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Contributions

SBN: Conceptualization-Lead, Formal analysis-Lead, Investigation-Lead, Methodology-Lead, Data curation-Equal, Software-Lead, Validation-Lead, Visualization-Lead, Writing—original draft-Lead, NPN: Conceptualization-Equal, Data curation-Equal, Formal analysis-Equal, Investigation-Equal, Methodology-Equal, Software-Equal, Writing—original draft-Equal. SN: Data curation-Equal, Investigation-Equal, Methodology-Equal, Software-Equal, Writing draft-Equal Formal analysis -Equal. KS: Data curation-Equal, Investigation-Equal, NJV: Data curation-Equal, Investigation-Equal, CPJ: Data curation-Equal, Investigation-Equal, AS: Project administration-Lead, Conceptualization-Lead, Conceptualization-Lead, Resources-Lead, Validation-Lead, Visualization-Lead, Supervision-Lead, Writing—review and editing-Lead.

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Correspondence to A. Sakthivel.

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Narendranath, S.B., Nimisha, N.P., Namitha, S. et al. Ruthenium loaded moderate acidic SAPO-11 for hydrogenation of aromatic derivatives. J Porous Mater 31, 1077–1086 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-024-01572-1

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