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Kinetic and thermodynamic effects during the adsorption of heavy metals on ETS-4 and ETS-10 microporous materials

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Abstract

ETS-10 and ETS-4 microporous materials were synthesized in presence of tetralkylammonium (TAA) ions from gels of molar composition w Na2O–0.10 TAABr–1 SiO2–z TiO2–0.6 KF–1.28 w HCl–39.5 H2O with TAA = tetramethyl-, tetraethyl-, tetrapropyl- and tetrabutyl-ammonium in hydrothermal conditions at 190 °C. The TAA ions enter the microporous channel of ETS-10, while they cannot penetrate the void spaces of ETS-4. The ETS-10 microcrystals are all cubic, while the ETS-4 crystals are laminar and irregular. The microporous volume of ETS-10 is equal to 0.11–0.13 cm3 g−1, the microporous volume of ETS-4 is very small, 0.002–0.008 cm3 g−1. The ion exchange of Cs+, Cd++, Pb++ and Hg++ ions using their corresponding nitrates show kinetic effects, i.e. the efficiency of ion exchange is higher at 1 than 2 h, the thermodynamic equilibrium. For ETS-10, partially dehydrated cations intervene in the ion exchange, while for ETS-4 well dehydrated ions can only penetrate the available pores.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Enviromental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy

    G. De Raffele, A. Aloise, P. De Luca, D. Vuono & J. B. Nagy

  2. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy

    A. Tagarelli

Authors
  1. G. De Raffele
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  2. A. Aloise
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  3. P. De Luca
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  4. D. Vuono
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  5. A. Tagarelli
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  6. J. B. Nagy
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Correspondence to A. Aloise.

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De Raffele, G., Aloise, A., De Luca, P. et al. Kinetic and thermodynamic effects during the adsorption of heavy metals on ETS-4 and ETS-10 microporous materials. J Porous Mater 23, 389–400 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-015-0092-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-015-0092-9

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