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Phytochemicals, Biodegradation, Cytocompatibility and Wound Healing Profiles of Chitosan Film Embedded Green Synthesized Antibacterial ZnO/CuO Nanocomposite

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Abstract

Open wound ulcer treatment remains a great challenge in wound care management especially involving multi drug resistant (MDR) pathogen. Currently, lack of effectiveness of commercially available wound dressing material is one of the primary factors delaying the wound healing. Therefore, transformation of plain Chitosan (Cs) to antibacterial polymer nanocomposite with embedment of Quercetin-ZnO/CuO biocide through green synthesis approach shed light for an efficient wound healing management. The present work studied the phytochemicals, biodegradation, storage, cytocompatibility and wound healing profiles of Cs film embedded with Quercetin-ZnO/CuO from Calotropis gigantea (C. gigantea). HPLC was used to detect Quercetin bioactive constituent. Our cytocompatibility study demonstrated ZnO/CuO-Cs-1wt.% displayed highest cell viability (168.52 ± 14.46%) at 72 h treatment. Besides, the ZnO/CuO-Cs-1wt.% is fully biodegradable. The ZnO/CuO-Cs-1wt.% also exhibited significantly enhanced cell migration (26.81 μm/h) and wound closure (62.35 ± 9.46%) at 12 h. This finding is also supported by our in vivo excisional open wound studies in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which showed progressive recovery in 14 days. The controllable release of multiple metal ions from ZnO/CuO-Cs might contribute to the wound recovery. This study highlighted the promising outcomes exhibited from ZnO/CuO-Cs-1wt.% in wound healing management.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to the patent application but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

Cs:

Chitosan

C. gigantea :

Calotropis gigantea

CuO:

Copper oxide

ZnO:

Zinc oxide

C:

Carbon

Ca:

Calcium

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

MDR:

Multi drug resistant

MRSA:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

P. aeruginosa :

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

S. aureus :

Staphylococcus aureus

E.coli :

Escherichia coli

B. subtilis :

Bacillus subtilis

K. Pneumoniae :

Klebsiella pneumoniae

S. pyogenes :

Streptococcus pyogenes

h:

hour

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Universiti Sains Malaysia for sponsoring this work under Research University Grant (RUI) EKSESAIS TAHUN 2019 (1001/CIPPT/8012338). The support of all the technical staff of Animal Research and Service Centre (ARASC-Mrs. Adilah Abdul Khalil team), Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI) and School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering (SMMRE), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, in the characterization of the sample is also acknowledged.

Funding

This research was funded by the Research University Grant (RUI) EKSESAIS TAHUN 2019 (1001/CIPPT/8012338) from Universiti Sains Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    G Ambarasan Govindasamy, Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. Mydin & Nasrin K Ramtan Gadaime

  2. Ann Joo Integrated Steel Sdn Bhd, Lot 1236, Prai Industrial Estate, Prai, 13600, Penang, Malaysia

    G Ambarasan Govindasamy

  3. Faculty of Medical Technology-Derna, National Technical Commission and Technical Education, Tripoli, Libya

    Nasrin K Ramtan Gadaime

  4. School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, 11800, Malaysia

    Nasrin K Ramtan Gadaime

  5. School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, 14300, Malaysia

    Srimala Sreekantan

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  1. G Ambarasan Govindasamy
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Contributions

Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. Mydin is the principal investigator who contributed in the concept, idea, experimental design, and writing process and gave final approval of this paper for publication. G Ambarasan Govindasamy carried out all experimental works and prepared the original manuscript. Nasrin K Ramtan Gadaime assisted in animal monitoring work. Srimala Sreekantan guides in the material characterization procedures. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. Mydin.

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Govindasamy, G.A., S. M. N. Mydin, R.B., Gadaime, N.K.R. et al. Phytochemicals, Biodegradation, Cytocompatibility and Wound Healing Profiles of Chitosan Film Embedded Green Synthesized Antibacterial ZnO/CuO Nanocomposite. J Polym Environ 31, 4393–4409 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023-02902-1

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