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Chitosan/Carbon-Doped TiO2 Composite for Adsorption of Two Anionic Dyes in Solution and Gaseous SO2 Capture: Experimental Modeling and Optimization

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Abstract

In this work, a chitosan (CHI) biopolymer was developed by loading different wt% of carbon-doped TiO2 (C–TiO2) with CHI to attain an efficient adsorbent of chitosan/carbon-doped TiO2 (CHI/C–TiO2). The fabricated materials were deployed for the removal of organic pollutants (methyl orange, MO; and reactive orange 16, RO16) and sulfur dioxide capture. The synthesized composites were characterized by BET, FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM–EDX, pHpzc, and pH-potentiometric titrations. Statistical modeling represented by the Box–Behnken design (BBD) was utilized for optimization of the impacts of the various parameters; A: C–TiO2 particles loading (0–50%), B: dose (0.04–0.15 g), C: pH (4–10), and D: temperature (30–50 °C) on the adsorption of MO and RO16 dyes. The adsorption isotherms were obtained at equilibrium and under dynamic conditions, where the best fit to the isotherm results was shown by the Langmuir model and pseudo-first-order kinetic model, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of CHI/C–TiO2-50 (containing 50% of C–TiO2) was estimated at 196.6 mg/g and 270.5 mg/g for MO and RO16 dyes, respectively. This work revealed that the designed biomaterial (CHI/C–TiO2-50) could be realized as an effective adsorbent for environmental remediation that includes decontamination of wastewater and SO2 gas capture.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, for facilitating this research work. The authors would like to thank Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) and Universitas Indonesia (UI) for supporting this research project by UiTM-UI Strategic Research Partnership grants with grants numbers 100-RMC 5/3/SRP 052/2021 (UiTM) and NKB-674/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2021 (UI).

Funding

This research project is funded by the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) and Universitas Indonesia (UI) under UiTM-UI Strategic Research Partnership grants with grants numbers 100-RMC 5/3/SRP 052/2021 (UiTM) and NKB-674/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2021 (UI).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Ali H. Jawad

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia

    Muhammad Ridwan

  3. Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad, Iraq

    Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed

  4. Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109, Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia

    Tumirah Khadiran

  5. Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Thorvaldson Building, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada

    Lee D. Wilson

  6. Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Zaher Mundher Yaseen

  7. Adjunct Research Fellow, USQ’s Advanced Data Analytics Research Group, School of Mathematics Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia

    Zaher Mundher Yaseen

  8. New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq

    Zaher Mundher Yaseen

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Contributions

ASA: Formal analysis, Validation, Data Curation, Writing—Original; AHJ: Project administration, Formal analysis, Validation, Data Curation, Writing—Original, Validation, funding acquisition, Project administration; MR: Project administration, Conceptualization, funding acquisition. TK: Validation, Data Curation. LDW: Writing—Review & Editing. ZMY: Formal analysis, Validation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ali H. Jawad.

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Abdulhameed, A.S., Jawad, A.H., Ridwan, M. et al. Chitosan/Carbon-Doped TiO2 Composite for Adsorption of Two Anionic Dyes in Solution and Gaseous SO2 Capture: Experimental Modeling and Optimization. J Polym Environ 30, 4619–4636 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02532-z

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