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Extraction, characterization, and fabrication of cellulose biopolymer sheets from Pistia stratiotes as a biodegradative coating material: an unique strategy for the conversion of invasive weeds into value-added products

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Abstract

This study explores the possibility of using Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) as a cost-effective substrate for the commercial extraction of cellulose biopolymer using a wide variety of physicochemical treatment methods to compare their efficiency in cellulose extraction. The extraction of cellulose from water lettuce, although promising due to their high cellulose content, was less explored as per the available literature. In this study, functional properties like bulk density-packed density, hydrated density, water retention capacity, oil retention capacity, emulsifying activity and setting volume of the extracted cellulose were studied. The cellulose content from water lettuce was found to be 38.94 ± 0.10% by anthrone method. Preliminary confirmation of cellulose biopolymer was done using the study of functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis. Further characterization studies like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X- Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to understand the molecular architecture and purity of the cellulose extracted. Fabrication of cellulose sheets was carried out using starch as the plasticizer. Biodegradation studies were conducted in garden soil for four weeks and a high degradation rate of 78.22 ± 0.71% was observed in the fourth week of soil burial.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are indebted to the Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India for providing the necessary facilities to execute the planned research work. This project was supported by Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2021/283) King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The authors would like to thank Van Lang University, Vietnam for funding this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029,, Karnataka, India

    Mridul Umesh & Adhithya Sankar Santhosh

  2. Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, 51006, Tartu, Estonia

    Sabarathinam Shanmugam

  3. Integrated Rural Technology Centre (IRTC), Palakkad, Kerala, India

    Basheer Thazeem

  4. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box - 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Sulaiman Ali Alharbi

  5. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box-60169, Riyadh-11545, Saudi Arabia

    Hesham S. Almoallim

  6. School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi

  7. Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Arivalagan Pugazhendhi

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  1. Mridul Umesh
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  2. Adhithya Sankar Santhosh
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  8. Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
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Correspondence to Arivalagan Pugazhendhi.

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Umesh, M., Santhosh, A.S., Shanmugam, S. et al. Extraction, characterization, and fabrication of cellulose biopolymer sheets from Pistia stratiotes as a biodegradative coating material: an unique strategy for the conversion of invasive weeds into value-added products. J Polym Environ 30, 5057–5068 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02511-4

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