Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Topology-Aware Multiple Routing Configurations for Fault Tolerant Networking

  • Published:
Journal of Network and Systems Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Real-time services require reliable and fault tolerant communication networks to support their stringent Quality of Service requirements. Multi Topology Routing based IP Fast Re-route (MT-IPFRR) technologies provide seamless forwarding of IP packets during network failures by constructing virtual topologies (VTs) to re-route the disrupted traffic. Multiple Routing Configurations (MRC) is a widely studied MT-IPFRR technique. In this paper, we propose two heuristics, namely mMRC-1 and mMRC-2, to reduce the number of VTs required by the MRC to provide full coverage for single link/node failures, and hence, to decrease its operational complexity. Both heuristics are designed to construct more robust VTs against network partitioning by taking their topological characteristics into consideration. We perform extensive experiments on 3200 topologies with diverse structural properties using our automated topology generation and analysis tool. Numerical results show that the amount of reductions in VT requirements get higher up to 31.84 %, as the networks tend to have more hub nodes whose degree is much higher than the rest of the network.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Shand, M., Bryant, S.: IP fast reroute framework. RFC 5714 (2010)

  2. Atlas, A., Zinin, A.: Basic specification for IP fast reroute: loop-free alternates. RFC 5286 (2008)

  3. Kvalbein, A., Hansen, A.F., Cicic, T., Gjessing, S., Lysne, O.: Multiple routing configurations for fast IP network recovery. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 17(2), 473–486 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Enyedi, G., Retvari, G.: Finding multiple maximally redundant trees in linear time. Period. Polytech. 54, 29–40 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Enyedi, G., Csaszar, A., Atlas, A., Bowers, C., Gopalan, A.: Algorithms for computing maximally redundant trees for IP/LDP fast-reroute. IETF Internet Draft. draft-ietf-rtgwg-mrt-frr-algorithm-01.txt (2014)

  6. Atlas, A., Kebler, R., Bowers, C., Enyedi, G., Csaszar, A., Tantsura, J., Konstantynowicz, M., White, R.: An architecture for IP/LDP fast-reroute using maximally redundant trees. IETF Internet Draft. draft-ietf-rtgwg-mrt-frr-architecture-04.txt (2014)

  7. Bryant, S., Previdi, S., Shand, M.: A framework for IP and MPLS fast reroute using not-via addresses. RFC 6981 (2013)

  8. Hokelek, I., Cevher, S., Chen, T., Fecko, M., Gurung, P., Samtani, S., Sucec, J.: Loop-free IP fast reroute using local and remote LFAPs. IETF Internet Draft (2008)

  9. Cevher, S., Chen, T., Hokelek, I., Kang, J., Kaul, V., Lin, Y.J., Pang, M., Rodoper, M., Samtani, S., Shah, C., Bowcock, J., Rucker, G.B., Simbol, J.L., Staikos, A.: An integrated soft handoff approach to IP fast reroute in wireless mobile networks. In: COMSNETS. Bangalore, India (2010)

  10. Csaszar, A., Enyedi, G., Tantsura, J., Kini, S., Sucec, J., Das, S.: IP fast re-route with fast notification. IETF Internet Draft (2012)

  11. Bryant, S., Filsfils, C., Shand, M., So, N.: Remote LFA FRR. IETF Internet Draft (2013)

  12. Psenak, P., Mirtorabi, S., Roy, A., Nguyen, L., Pillay-Esnault, P.: Multi-topology (MT) routing in OSPF. RFC 4915 (2007)

  13. Przygienda, T., Shen, N., Sheth, N.: M-ISIS: multi topology (MT) routing in intermediate system to intermediate systems (IS-ISs). RFC 5120 (2008)

  14. Apostolopoulos, G.: Using multiple topologies for IP-only protection against network failures: a routing performance perspective. Institute of Computer Science (ICS) of the Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (FORTH). Technical Report TR377 (2006)

  15. Menth, M., Martin, R.: Network resilience through multi-topology routing. In: DRCN. Naples, Italy (2005)

  16. Cicic, T., Hansen, A.F., Kvalbein, A., Hartman, M., Martin, R., Menth, M., Gjessing, S., Lysne, O.: Relaxed multiple routing configurations: IP fast reroute for single and correlated failures. IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag. 6(1), 1–14 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kamamura, S., Miyamura, T., Pelsser, C., Inoue, I., Shiomoto, K.: Minimum backup configuration-creation method for IP fast reroute. In: IEEE GLOBECOM. Hawaii, USA (2009)

  18. Cevher, S., Ulutas, M., Hokelek, I.: An automated topological analysis of multiple routing configurations. In: IEEE SARNOFF. New Jersey, USA (2015) (Accepted)

  19. Medina, A., Lakhina, A., Matta, I., Byers, J.: BRITE: an approach to universal topology generation. In: IEEE MASCOTS (2001)

  20. Smoot, M.E., Ono, K., Ruscheinski, J., Wang, P.L., Ideker, T.: Cytoscape 2.8: new features for data integration and network visualization. Bioinformatics 27(3), 431–432 (2011)

  21. Cevher, S., Ulutas, M., Hokelek, I.: Performance evaluation of multiple routing configurations. In: 21st IEEE SIU. Cyprus (2013)

  22. Dong, J., Horvath, S.: Understanding network concepts in modules. BMC Syst. Biol (2007). doi:10.1186/1752-0509-1-24

  23. Cevher, S., Ulutas, M., Hokelek, I.: Trade-off analysis of multi topology routing based Ip fast reroute mechanisms. In: IEEE INFOCOM 16th global internet symposium. Turin, Italy (2013)

  24. Menth, M., Braun, W.: Performance comparison of not-via addresses and maximally redundant trees (MRTs). In: IEEE international symposium on integrated network management. Ghent, Belgium (2013)

  25. Watts, D.J., Strogatz, S.H.: Collective dynamics of small world networks. Nature 393, 440–442 (1998)

  26. Imahama, D., Fukushima, Y., Yokohira, T.: Decreasing of the number of backup tables in multiple routing table method for fast IP network recovery. In: The 28th international technical conference on circuits/systems, computers and communications (ITC-CSCC). Yeosu, Korea (2013)

  27. Radoslavov, P., Tangmunarunkit, H., Yu, H., Govindan, R., Shenker, S., Estrin, D.: On characterizing network topologies and analyzing their impact on protocol design. Technical Report. USC-CS-TR-00-731 (2000)

  28. Labovitz, C., Ahuja, A., Wattenhofer, R., Venkatachary, S.: The impact of internet policy and topology on delayed routing convergence. In: IEEE INFOCOM. Anchorage, USA (2001)

  29. Li, Z., Mohapatra, P.: The impact of topology on overlay routing service. In: IEEE INFOCOM. Hong Kong, China (2004)

  30. Medem, A., Magnien, C., Tarissan, F.: Impact of power-law topology on IP-level routing dynamics: simulation results. In: NetSciCom. Florida, USA (2012)

  31. Barabasi, A.L., Albert, R.: Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science 286, 509–512 (1999)

  32. Bu, T., Towsley, D.: On Distinguishing between internet power law topology generators. In: IEEE INFOCOM. New York, USA (2002)

  33. Albert, R., Barabasi, A. L.: Topology of evolving networks: local events and universality. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(24), 5234–5237 (2000)

  34. Garey, M., Johnson, D.: Computers and Intractability. W. H. Freeman & Co., New York (1979)

  35. Zukerman, M.: Introduction to Queueing Theory and Stochastic Teletraffic Models. City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Menth, M.: Efficient admission control and routing in resilient communication networks. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Würzburg, Faculty of Computer Science (2004)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Kalkinma Mah., 61080, Trabzon, Turkey

    Selcuk Cevher & Mustafa Ulutas

  2. Informatics and Information Security Research Center, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Baris Mah., Dr. Zeki Acar Cad., No: 1, 41470, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Ibrahim Hokelek

Authors
  1. Selcuk Cevher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mustafa Ulutas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ibrahim Hokelek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Selcuk Cevher.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cevher, S., Ulutas, M. & Hokelek, I. Topology-Aware Multiple Routing Configurations for Fault Tolerant Networking. J Netw Syst Manage 24, 944–973 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-015-9358-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-015-9358-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation