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Development of Adhesion Durability Evaluation of Surface Coatings Using Repeated Laser Shock-wave Adhesion Test

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Abstract

This study aims to evaluate coating adhesion durability using the laser shock-wave adhesion test (LaSAT). In particular, the interfacial strength with respect to the applied loading cycle is evaluated quantitatively. This method uses strong elastic waves induced by pulsed laser irradiation, as interfacial fracture of the coating occurs due to a strong wave. The coating delamination can be identified from changes in the out-of-plane displacement waveform, yielding a critical laser energy for coating delamination. Subsequently, computation of elastic wave propagation using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method was carried out to estimate the tensile stress developed at the coating/substrate interface, yielding the interfacial strength. In addition, the durability of interfacial adhesion was investigated by repeated LaSATs. Repetitive lower stress loading was applied to the interface using repeated laser irradiations. It was found that repetitive loading encourages interfacial fracture, which has a stress level lower than that of single (monotonic) laser irradiation. For various levels of irradiation laser energy, the interfacial adhesion durability was investigated. This result may be useful for evaluating adhesion durability when a coating/film is used under cyclic loading over a long-time duration.

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Notes

  1. As shown in Fig. 13a, detected waveforms due to laser ablation did not change during repeated laser irradiation (up to 10,000 cycles), suggesting that high reproducibility is ensured in this study.

  2. This study does not theoretically calculate the peak pressure due to laser ablation, because laser ablation of grease is extremely complicate phenomenon (the dynamics cannot be clarified theoretically). Thus, we employed transfer function method to identify transient pressure due to laser ablation. This is an input wave of laser ablation. The detail procedure and verification are found in our previous study.

  3. To investigate waveform variation by using a correlation coefficient, the waveform of the out-of-plane displacement “velocity” is useful, since it is sensitive to changes in waveforms.

  4. This LaSAT dominantly applies normal stress to interface, since shear stress component is very small in our numerical simulation even if the present ratio of laser spot and sample thickness is employed. Thus, we focused on only normal stress for strength evaluation (i.e. maximum principals stress as Mode-I fracture).

  5. The yield strength of Cu at higher strain of 104/s reaches 600 MPa as reported in the previous study (Hassani M, et al. Material hardness at strain rates beyond 106 s−1 via high velocity microparticle impact indentation. Scripta Materialia 2020; 177:198–202). The maximum stress by LaSAT is about 250 MPa at maximum. Thus, Cu materials can be modeled as elastic body in this study.

  6. Indeed, it is difficult to compare our results with general fatigue strength, since the loading sequence is different. The propagation of shock wave is complicate due to wave reflections from the surface. Thus, one single irradiation of laser applies tensile stress to the interface several times. This is a variable loading sequence for cyclic fatigue damage. Thus, Fig. 14 employs the number of “laser irradiation” (Not “number of loading cycle”). However, since testing method of interfacial fatigue issue is very rare, our method may be useful for coating’s adhesion durability.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the JSPS KAKENHI (Grant No. 17K06062) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and by a research grant from The AMADA FOUNDATION (Grant No. AF-2017023).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Precision Mechanics, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan

    Kohei Kanamori, Yusaku Saito, Takeshi Yamada & Akio Yonezu

  2. Center for Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA

    Akio Yonezu & Xi Chen

  3. School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China

    Xi Chen

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  1. Kohei Kanamori
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  2. Yusaku Saito
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Correspondence to Akio Yonezu or Xi Chen.

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Kanamori, K., Saito, Y., Yamada, T. et al. Development of Adhesion Durability Evaluation of Surface Coatings Using Repeated Laser Shock-wave Adhesion Test. J Nondestruct Eval 39, 87 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-020-00733-x

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