Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Induction Hardened Layer Characterization and Grinding Burn Detection by Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Analysis

  • Published:
Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The quality of the ball screw shafts used in the aeronautical sector has to be controlled and certified with the most advanced non-destructive techniques. The capacity of magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) as a non-destructive technique to control the quality of ball screw shafts by assuring the appropriate induction hardened layer depth and detecting local overheated regions, known as grinding burns, which may occur during grinding processes is shown in the present work. Magnetic Barkhausen noise measurements were made with a system designed and implemented by the authors and the derived parameters were compared with microhardness measurements made at various depths after the different induction hardening treatments and the grinding processes were applied. A multiparametric study of the MBN signal as a function of the magnetic field in the surface of the sample is done in order to estimate the thickness of the hardened layer and to detect the grinding burns produced during grinding processes. The hardened layer thickness can be characterized with an error of ±200 \(\upmu \)m in the range between 150 and 2500 \(\upmu \)m by the position of the first peak of the MBN envelope in terms of the tangential magnetic field measured at the surface and the grinding burns can be detected with the position of the second peak of the MBN envelope in terms of the tangential magnetic field measured at the surface.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Grum, J.: A review of the influence of grinding conditions on resulting residual stresses after induction surface hardening and grinding. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 114, 212–226 (2001). doi:10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00562-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Savaria, V., Monajati, H., Bridier, F., Bocher, P.: Measurement and correction of residual stress gradients in aeronautical gears after various induction surface hardening treatments. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 220, 113–123 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.12.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bach, G., Goebbels, K., Theiner, W.A.: Characterization of hardening depth by Barkhausen noise measurement. Mater. Eval. 46, 1576–1580 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Saquet, O., Tapuleasa, D., Chicois, J.: Use of Barkhausen noise for determination of surface hardened depth. Nondestr. Test. Eval. 14, 277–292 (1998). doi:10.1080/10589759808953055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Vaidyanathan, S., Moorthy, V., Jayakumar, T., Raj, B.: Evaluation of induction hardened case depth through microstructural characterisation using magnetic Barkhausen emission technique. Mater. Sci. Technol. Ser. 16, 202–208 (2000). doi:10.1179/026708300101507550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Moorthy, V., Shaw, B.A., Day, S.: Evaluation of applied and residual stresses in case-carburised En36 steel subjected to bending using the magnetic Barkhausen emission technique. Acta Mater. 52, 1927–1936 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2003.12.034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. D’Amato, C., Verdu, C., Kleber, X., Regheere, G., Vincent, A.: Characterization of austempered ductile iron through Barkhausen noise measurements. J. Nondestr. Eval. 22, 127–139 (2003). doi:10.1023/B:JONE.0000022032.66648.c5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kleber, X., Hug, A., Merlin, J., Soler, M.: Ferrite-martensite steels characterization using magnetic Barkhausen noise measurements. ISIJ Int. 44, 1033–1039 (2004). doi:10.2355/isijinternational.44.1033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Blaow, M., Evans, J.T., Shaw, B.A.: Effect of hardness and composition gradients on Barkhausen emission in case hardened steel. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 303, 153–159 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.07.034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Bahadur, A., Mitra, A., Kumar, R.B., Sagar, P.S.: Evaluation and correlation of residual stress measurement in steel. J. Nondestr. Eval. 26, 47–55 (2007). doi:10.1007/s10921-007-0019-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Davut, K., Gur, H.C.: Monitoring the microstructural changes during tempering of quenched SAE 5140 steel by magnetic Barkhausen noise. J. Nondestr. Eval. 26, 107–113 (2007). doi:10.1007/s10921-007-0025-x

  12. Moorthy, V., Shaw, B.A.: Magnetic Barkhausen emission measurements for evaluation of material properties in gears. J. Test. Eval. 23, 317–347 (2008). doi:10.1080/10589750802275980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Gurruchaga, K., Martínez-De-Guerenu, A., Soto, M., Arizti, F.: Magnetic Barkhausen noise for characterization of recovery and recrystallization. IEEE T Magn. 46, 513–516 (2010). doi:10.1109/TMAG.2009.2029069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Santa-aho, S., Vippola, M., Sorsa, A., Latokartano, J., Lindgren, M., Leiviskä, K., et al.: Development of Barkhausen noise calibration blocks for reliable grinding burn detection. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 212, 408–416 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.10.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Santa-aho, S., Vippola, M., Sorsa, A., Leiviskä, K., Lindgren, M., Lepistö, T.: Utilization of Barkhausen noise magnetizing sweeps for case-depth detection from hardened steel. NDT&E Int. 52, 95–102 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2012.05.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Franco, F.A., Gonzalez, M.F.R., De Campos, M.F., Padovese, L.R.: Relation between magnetic Barkhausen noise and hardness for Jominy Quench tests in SAE 4140 and 6150 steels. J. Nondestr. Eval. 32, 93–103 (2013). doi:10.1007/s10921-012-0162-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Vashista, M., Moorthy, V.: On the shape of the magnetic Barkhausen noise profile for better revelation of the effect of microstructures on the magnetisation process in ferritic steels. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 393, 584–592 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.06.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Stupakov, A., Neslusan, M., Perevertov, O.: Detection of a milling-induced surface damage by the magnetic Barkhausen noise. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 410, 198–209 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.03.036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Jiles, D.C.: Magnetization and magnetic moment. In: Jiles, D.C. (ed.) Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2nd edn, pp. 57–60. Chapman & Hall, Boca Raton (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kypris, O., Nlebedim, I.C., Jiles, D.C.: A model for the Barkhausen frequency spectrum as a function of applied stress. J. Appl. Phys. 115, 083906 (2014). doi:10.1063/1.4866195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Lasaosa, A., Gurruchaga, K., Garcia, V.N., Martinez-de-Guerenu, A.: Characterisation of in-depth stress state by magnetic Barkhausen noise on machined steel acquiring different frequency bands. Adv. Mater. Res. 996, 373–379 (2014). doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.996.373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Haimbaugh, R.E.: Induction heat treating process analysis. In: Haimbaugh, R.E. (ed.) Practical Induction Heat Treating, 2nd edn, p. 225. ASM International, New York (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  23. ASTM E 140: Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Scleroscope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness (2007)

  24. Moorthy, V.: Unique correlation between non-linear distortion of tangential magnetic field and magnetic excitation voltage—unexplored ferromagnetic phenomena and their application for ferromagnetic materials evaluation. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 398, 101–108 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.09.029

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank KORTA S.A. for funding the development of this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ceit and Tecnun (University of Navarra), Manuel de Lardizábal 15, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain

    Aitor Lasaosa, Kizkitza Gurruchaga, Fernando Arizti & Ane Martinez-De-Guerenu

Authors
  1. Aitor Lasaosa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kizkitza Gurruchaga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fernando Arizti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ane Martinez-De-Guerenu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ane Martinez-De-Guerenu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lasaosa, A., Gurruchaga, K., Arizti, F. et al. Induction Hardened Layer Characterization and Grinding Burn Detection by Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Analysis. J Nondestruct Eval 36, 27 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-016-0388-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-016-0388-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation