Abstract
This paper reports on Hall Effect measurements on nickel-base superalloys and their stress dependency. The work is motivated by the desire to develop a nondestructive method of characterizing the near-surface protective residual stress in metals. Our approach is based on the assumption that the Hall coefficient deviates under the stress. It is anticipated that stress measurements based on the Hall Effect are less contaminated by cold work and other effects than conductivity-based measurements such as eddy current. The paper focuses on the two superalloys, Inconel 718 and Inconel 600. The challenge is that Hall coefficients are small in metals, and the stress-induced changes are even smaller. To measure the small effect, the lock-in technique was used, with AC injected current and AC magnetic field. It was found that the Hall coefficients indeed vary proportionally to the stress. The proportionality coefficients are significantly larger than what are estimated from the volumetric effect in a free carrier gas model. The temperature and injected current dependences of the Hall coefficients were also measured, while no dependence on the magnetic flux density was observed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Blodgett, M.P., Nagy, P.B.: Eddy current assessment of near-surface residual stress in shot-peened nickel-base superalloys. J. Nondestruct. Eval. 23(3), 107–123 (2004)
Abu-Nabah, B.A., Hassan, W.T., Ryan, D., Blodgett, M.P., Nagy, P.B.: The effect of hardness on eddy current residual stress profiling in shot-peened nickel alloys. J. Nondestruct. Eval. 29(3), 143–153 (2010)
Deutsch, T., Paul, W., Brooks, H.: Pressure dependence of the hall constant of the alkali metals. Phys. Rev. 124(3), 753–763 (1961)
Vaišnys, J.R., Kirk, R.S.: Magnetogalvanic measurements to 60 000 bar. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 36(12), 1799–1802 (1965)
Nagy, P.B.: Hall coefficient measurement for nondestructive materials characterization. AIP Conf. Proc. 1511, 1482–1489 (2013)
Kosaka, D., Frishman, A., Nakagawa, N.: Stress dependence of the Hall coefficient of a nickel-base superalloy, review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation. AIP Conf. Proc. 1706, 090023 (2016)
Landau, L.D., Lifshitz, E.M.: Electrodynamics of Continuous Media. Elsevier, Pergamon (1984)
Alderson, J.E.A., Farrell, T., Hurd, C.M.: Hall coefficients of Cu, Ag, and Au in the range 4.2-300 K. Phys. Rev. 174(3), 729–736 (1968)
Hitchcock, A.H., Stringer, J.: The temperature dependence of the Hall effect in \(\alpha \)-phase copper-base alloys at high temperatures. J. Phys. D 4, 810–817 (1971)
MatWeb: Searchable database of material properties. http://www.matweb.com
Lifshits, I.M., Azbel, M.Ya., Kaganov, M.I.: Electron Theory of Metals. Plenum Press, New York (1973) (Consultants Bureau)
Acknowledgments
This work is in part based upon work supported by the Federal Aviation Administration under Contract Number DTFACT-09-C-00006 and performed at Iowa State University’s Center for NDE, and in part supported by the NSF Industry/University Cooperative Research Program of CNDE.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kosaka, D., Frishman, A. & Nakagawa, N. Effect of Tensile Stress on Hall Coefficients of Nickel-Base Superalloys. J Nondestruct Eval 35, 38 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-016-0354-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-016-0354-8