Abstract
We describe a new and freely available 3D interactive model of the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) and the skull base that also allows to display and compare its main segment classifications. High-resolution 3D human angiography (isometric voxel’s size 0.36 mm) and Computed Tomography angiography images were exported to Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) format for processing in a 3D software platform and embedding in a 3D Portable Document Format (PDF) document that can be freely downloaded at http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/112442 and runs under Acrobat Reader on Mac and Windows computers and Windows 10 tablets. The 3D–PDF allows for visualisation and interaction through JavaScript-based functions (including zoom, rotation, selective visualization and transparentation of structures or a predefined sequence view of the main segment classifications if desired). The ICA and its main branches and loops, the Gasserian ganglion, the petrolingual ligament and the proximal and distal dural rings within the skull base environment (anterior and posterior clinoid processes, silla turcica, ethmoid and sphenoid bones, orbital fossae) may be visualized from different perspectives. This interactive 3D–PDF provides virtual views of the ICA and becomes an innovative tool to improve the understanding of the neuroanatomy of the ICA and surrounding structures.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Olga Fuentes for her contribution to image processing.
Funding
This study was funded by the Fundació Marató TV3 Project [411/U/2011 - TITLE: Quantitative analysis and computer aided simulation of minimally invasive approaches for intracranial vascular lesions].
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Informal consent was obtained from the individual participant included in the study. All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
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Valera-Melé, M., Puigdellívol-Sánchez, A., Mavar-Haramija, M. et al. A Novel and Freely Available Interactive 3d Model of the Internal Carotid Artery. J Med Syst 42, 72 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-0919-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-0919-4