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A SQUID-Based Picovoltmeter for Quantum Resistors

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Abstract

We present a sensitive voltage amplifier suited for measurements of source impedances in the k\(\Omega\) range at dilution refrigerator temperatures. The circuit is based on a commercial dc SQUID, an impedance matching transformer, and it works on the principle of negative feedback. At 10 mK, the amplifier contribution to the noise is only 17 \(\text{pV/}\sqrt{\text{ Hz }}\), which is negligible in comparison with the fluctuations of the thermal voltage of a 3.25 k\(\Omega\) metallic source resistor. Various circuit parameters of the amplifier are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Robin Cantor of Star Cryoelectronics for kindly sharing information about the flux-lock electronics. This work was supported by the US NSF Grants No. DMR 1505866 and 1904497.

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Author notes

  1. Vidhi Shingla and Ethan Kleinbaum have contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Vidhi Shingla, Ethan Kleinbaum & Gábor A. Csáthy

  2. Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Gábor A. Csáthy

  3. Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Gábor A. Csáthy

Authors
  1. Vidhi Shingla
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  2. Ethan Kleinbaum
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  3. Gábor A. Csáthy
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Correspondence to Gábor A. Csáthy.

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Shingla, V., Kleinbaum, E. & Csáthy, G.A. A SQUID-Based Picovoltmeter for Quantum Resistors. J Low Temp Phys 201, 170–178 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02388-4

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