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Performance of Al–Mn Transition-Edge Sensor Bolometers in SPT-3G

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Abstract

SPT-3G is a polarization-sensitive receiver, installed on the South Pole Telescope, that measures the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from degree to arcminute scales. The receiver consists of ten 150-mm-diameter detector wafers, containing a total of \(\sim \,16{,}000\) transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers observing at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. During the 2018–2019 austral summer, one of these detector wafers was replaced by a new wafer fabricated with Al–Mn TESs instead of the Ti/Au design originally deployed for SPT-3G. We present the results of in-laboratory characterization and on-sky performance of this Al–Mn wafer, including electrical and thermal properties, optical efficiency measurements, and noise-equivalent temperature. In addition, we discuss and account for several calibration-related systematic errors that affect measurements made using frequency-domain multiplexing readout electronics.

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Notes

  1. The parasitic impedance measured in the superconducting state is dominated by reactances that produce a characteristic frequency dependence across all detector wafers and readout modules.

  2. Note that saturation powers reported in [19] do not include this correction.

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Acknowledgements

The South Pole Telescope is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Grant PLR-1248097. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center Grant PHY-1125897 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, and the Kavli Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Grant GBMF 947. Work at Argonne National Laboratory, including Laboratory Directed Research and Development support and use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials, a US Department of Energy, Office of Science (DOE-OS) user facility, was supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We acknowledge R. Divan, L. Stan, C.S. Miller, and V. Kutepova for supporting our work in the Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials. Work at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, a DOE-OS, HEP User Facility managed by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, was supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. NWH acknowledges support from NSF CAREER Grant AST-0956135. The McGill authors acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and the Fonds de recherche du Qubec Nature et technologies. JV acknowledges support from the Sloan Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, MS209, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL, 60510, USA

    A. J. Anderson, B. A. Benson, M. Jonas, D. L. Kubik, H. Nguyen & A. Rahlin

  2. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    A. J. Anderson, P. S. Barry, R. Basu Thakur, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, J. E. Carlstrom, F. W. Carter, C. L. Chang, D. Dutcher, J. Gallicchio, A. E. Gambrel, J. W. Henning, E. M. Leitch, A. E. Lowitz, S. S. Meyer, S. Padin, Z. Pan, W. Quan, A. Rahlin, E. Shirokoff & J. A. Sobrin

  3. School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3YB, UK

    P. A. R. Ade & C. Tucker

  4. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Z. Ahmed, K. D. Irwin, C.-L. Kuo, K. T. Story, K. L. Thompson & K. W. Yoon

  5. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA

    Z. Ahmed, H.-M. Cho, K. D. Irwin, C.-L. Kuo, K. L. Thompson & K. W. Yoon

  6. Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    J. S. Avva, A. Cukierman, T. de Haan, J. C. Groh, S. T. Guns, N. L. Harrington, W. L. Holzapfel, N. Huang, O. B. Jeong & A. T. Lee

  7. High-Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue., Argonne, IL, 60439, USA

    P. S. Barry, A. N. Bender, K. Byrum, J. E. Carlstrom, F. W. Carter, T. W. Cecil, C. L. Chang, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, J. W. Henning, S. Kuhlmann, G. Wang & V. Yefremenko

  8. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    B. A. Benson, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, E. M. Leitch, S. S. Meyer & E. Shirokoff

  9. Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    L. Bryant, J. E. Carlstrom, R. W. Gardner, S. S. Meyer, P. Paschos & J. Stephen

  10. Department of Physics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    J. E. Carlstrom, D. Dutcher, S. S. Meyer, Z. Pan, W. Quan & J. A. Sobrin

  11. Department of Physics and McGill Space Institute, McGill University, 3600 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2T8, Canada

    J. F. Cliche, M. A. Dobbs, A. Gilbert, J. Montgomery & G. I. Noble

  12. NIST Quantum Devices Group, 325 Broadway Mailcode 817.03, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA

    E. V. Denison, G. C. Hilton & L. R. Vale

  13. Materials Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA

    J. Ding, T. S. Khaire, V. Novosad, J. Pearson & C. M. Posada

  14. Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, CIFAR Program in Gravity and the Extreme Universe, Toronto, ON, M5G 1Z8, Canada

    M. A. Dobbs

  15. CASA, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA

    W. Everett, N. W. Halverson & J. T. Sayre

  16. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    K. R. Ferguson & N. Whitehorn

  17. Department of Physics, Center for Education and Research in Cosmology and Astrophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA

    A. Foster, M. Korman & J. E. Ruhl

  18. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    J. Fu, R. Guyser, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, A. M. Kofman, A. Nadolski & J. D. Vieira

  19. Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Boulevard., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA

    J. Gallicchio

  20. Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA

    N. W. Halverson

  21. University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    D. Howe, A. Jones, D. Michalik & D. Riebel

  22. Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    K. D. Irwin, C.-L. Kuo, K. T. Story, K. L. Thompson & K. W. Yoon

  23. Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    A. T. Lee & A. Suzuki

  24. Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H4, Canada

    T. Natoli & K. Vanderlinde

  25. Three-Speed Logic, Inc., Vancouver, BC, V6A 2J8, Canada

    G. Smecher

  26. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA

    A. A. Stark

  27. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H4, Canada

    K. Vanderlinde & M. R. Young

  28. Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    J. D. Vieira

Authors
  1. A. J. Anderson
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  2. P. A. R. Ade
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  3. Z. Ahmed
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Anderson, A.J., Ade, P.A.R., Ahmed, Z. et al. Performance of Al–Mn Transition-Edge Sensor Bolometers in SPT-3G. J Low Temp Phys 199, 320–329 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-019-02259-7

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