Abstract
In this study, poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) containing boehmite nanoparticles were synthesized by an emulsion polymerization strategy. The prepared nanocomposites were analyzed by FT-IR, UV–visible, XRD, optical microscopy, AFM, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, DSC and TGA. Tensile testing techniques and impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the impact of nanoparticles on the mechanical and electrical properties of PVAc. The characteristic peak of boehmite in the polymer was identified by FT-IR spectra. The optical bandgap energy decreases while the refractive index increases sharply with the addition of boehmite up to 7 wt% loadings. The semicrystalline structure of the composite system was revealed by the XRD pattern. The addition of boehmite to PVAc increases the surface roughness measured by AFM. The FE-SEM and optical microscopy confirmed the presence of uniformly distributed nanoparticles in the polymer. The results from HR-TEM confirm the structural variation of PVAc with the nano-size distribution of boehmite. DSC results revealed that increasing the nanoparticle content increased the glass transition temperature of the polymer nanocomposites. TGA results revealed that the presence of boehmite in the polymer matrix significantly improved the thermal stability of PVAc. The findings of the mechanical test indicate that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of polymer composites was improved by increasing the concentration of nanoparticles. The electrical property data reveal that increasing the frequency decreased the dielectric constant while increased the AC electrical conductivity. Overall, the results showed that the prepared nanocomposite with high tensile strength, conductivity, and dielectric constant can be used to fabricate optoelectronic devices and EMI shielding.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T.M. Conti, A.L. Catto, S.C. Amico, Polym. Compos. 43, 7360–7371 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26813
Y.H. Kim, J.H. Ri, I.H. Pak, Y.C. Ri, J.H. Yu, C.Y. Om, J.M. An, C.U. Pak, S.H. Kye, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 138, 50867 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.50867
R.V. Gadhave, S.K. Vineeth, Polym. Bull. 84, 1–20 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04558-8
L. Chen, Z. Xiong, H. Xiong, Z. Wang, Z. Din, A. Nawaz, P. Wang, C. Hu, Carbohydr. Polym. 200, 477–486 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.023
N.G. de-Rodriguez, W. Thielemans, A. Dufresne, Cellulose 13, 261–270 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-005-9039-7
A. Samide, B. Tutunaru, C. Merişanu, N. Cioateră, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 142, 1825–1834 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09489-y
M. Batool, M.N. Haider, T. Javed, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 32, 4478–4503 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-022-02461-3
M.S.A. Hussien, M.I. Mohammed, I.S. Yahia, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 30, 2708–2719 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-019-01433-4
J. Selvi, S. Mahalakshmi, V. Parthasarathy, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 27, 1918–1926 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-017-0662-1
Z.A. Alrowaili, T.A. Taha, K.S.E. Nasser, H. Donya, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 31, 3101–3110 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-01995-2
M.T. Furhan, J. Ramesan, Macromol. Sci. A 59, 675–688 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2022.2111262
K. Parvathi, M.T. Ramesan, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 139, e53120 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.53120
K. Meera, M.T. Ramesan, J. Polym. Environ. 31, 447–460 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02649-1
F. Demir, Electrochim. Acta 385, 138444 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138444
S. Suvarna, V.S. Niranjana, M. Subburaj, M.T. Ramesan, Bull. Mater. Sci. 45, 246 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-022-02829-8
K.J. Karger, L. Lendvai, J. Appl Polym. Sci. 135, 45573 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.45573
R. Qin, L. Hao, J. Li, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 30, 4452–4458 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01666-8
J. Li, Q. Yu, H. Chen, C. Hou, X. Dong, X. Wu, T. Gao, Z. Zheng, S. Liu, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 30, 3429–3437 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01580-z
T.K. Vo, H.K. Park, C.W. Nam, S.D. Kim, J. Kim, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 60, 485–492 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2017.11.036
Y. Chen, W. Cai, C. Dang, J. Fan, J. Zhou, Z. Liu, Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 16, 332–339 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2020.07.018
S. Rehman, M. Noman, A.D. Khan, A. Saboor, M.S. Ahmad, H.U. Khan, Optik 202, 163591 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163591
M.K. Pal, J. Gautam, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 111, 689–701 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-2153-x
M.A. Jazi, S.A.A. Ramezani, S.A. Haddadi, S. Ghaderi, F. Azamian, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 137, 48570 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.48570
M. Abdelaziz, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 23, 1378–1386 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-011-0602-8
M. Furhan, T. Ramesan, Polym. Eng. Sci. 62, 3418–3432 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26114
R. Moya, A.R. Zúñiga, J.V. Baudrit, V. Álvarez, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 59, 62–70 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2015.02.004
Z. Wang, S. Zhao, L. Hong, J. Huang, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 30, 4382–4393 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01669-5
S. Sankar, M.T. Ramesan, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 147, 13375–13387 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11670-4
N. Zhang, P. Liu, Y. Yi, M.E. Gibril, S. Wang, F. Kong, Coatings 11, 192 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020192
S. Suvarna Furhan, M.T. Ramesan, J. Indian Chem. Soc. 99, 100772 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2022.100772
G. Gong, J. Pyo, A.P. Mathew, K. Oksman, Compos. A Appl. Sci. 42, 1275–1282 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.05.009
O. Chaabouni, S. Boufi, Carbohydr. Polym. 156, 64–70 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.016
K. Meera, M.T. Ramesan, Polym. Compos. 44, 1135–1148 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.27159
Y.X. Wang, Y.P. Wu, W.J. Li, L.Q. Zhang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 257, 2058–2065 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.08.129
V. Kumar, M.N. Alam, S.S. Park, J. Polym. Res. 29, 251 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-03084-5
Q.A. Alsulami, A. Rajeh, Results Phys. 28, 1675 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104675
K. Parvathi, M.T. Ramesan, J. Polym. Res. 30, 55 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-03427-2
Y. Jia, J. Yang, W. Dong, B. Li, Z. Liu, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 32, 1206–1212 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-02159-y
H.M. Alghamdi, M.M. Abutalib, A. Rajeh, M.A. Mannaa, O. Nur, E.M. Abdelrazek, J. Environ. Polym. Degrad. 30, 3865–3874 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02478-2
Funding
The authors have not disclosed any funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
TPS: Data curation; methodology; writing the original draft. RS: Data curation; writing the original draft. KM: Investigation; methodology; writing the original draft. MV: Investigation, Formal analysis; writing the original draft. MTR: Data curation; formal analysis; investigation, writing the original draft, supervision. All authors have read, revised, and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors of this article have no conflict of interest to declare.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Sameela, T.P., Sathian, R., Meera, K. et al. Synthesis, Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Poly (vinyl acetate)/Boehmite Nanocomposites via Emulsion Polymerization. J Inorg Organomet Polym 33, 1415–1426 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02606-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02606-y