Abstract
Highly efficient Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 composite is reported in present work for enhancing the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in the water. The Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 composite was prepared by direct milling the mixture of pre-synthesized Bi2Sn2O7, as a complexing agent, and Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The synthesized composites were characterized by the state of art analytical tools such as XRD, TEM, DRS and FTIR spectroscopy. The surface area of C2 composite (42.8 m2/g) was measure from the nitrogen adsorption/desorption data using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 was found an excellent photocatalyst for the degradation of RhB (91%) in 6 h. The performance enhancement of the photoactivity is because of improved electron-hole separation efficiency due to active electron transfer between Bi2Sn2O7 and g-C3N4 of the Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 composite.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
X. Meng, Z. Zhang, Bismuth-based photocatalytic semiconductors: introduction, challenges and possible approaches. J. Mol. Catal. Chem. 423(2016), 533–549 (2016)
S. Park, H. Song, H. Choi, J. Moon, NO decomposition over the electrochemical cell of lanthanum stannate pyrochlore and YSZ composite electrode. Solid State Ionics 1759(1), 625–629 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2004.01.078
N. Phua, P. Vua, D. Dungb, D. Bich, L. Oanha, L. Hoanga, N. Hunga, P. Haia, Temperature-dependent preparation of bismuth pyrostannate Bi2Sn2O7 and its photocatalytic characterization. Mater. Chem. Phys. 221, 197–202 (2019)
W. James, L. Julia, R. Ivana, T. Harold, J. Branton, S. John, An exhaustive symmetry approach to structure determination: phase transitions in Bi2Sn2O7. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138, 8031–8042 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b04947
S. Zhang, P. Gu, R. Ma et al., Recent developments in fabrication and structure regulation of visible-light-driven g-C3N4-based photocatalysts towards water purification: a critical review. Catal. Today 335, 65–77 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2018.09.013
F. Sayed, V. Grover, B. Mandal, A. Tyagi, Influence of La3+ substitution on electrical and photocatalytic behavior of complex Bi2Sn2O7 oxides. J. Phys. Chem. C 117(21), 10929–10938 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp400248j
I. Radosavljevic Evan, J. Howard, α-Bi2Sn2O7—a 176 atom crystal structure from powder diffraction data. Mater. Chem. 13(9), 2098–2113 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1039/b305211g
A. Salamat, A. Hector, P. McMillan, C. Ritter, Structure, bonding, and phase relations in Bi2Sn2O7 and Bi2Ti2O7 pyrochlores: new insights from high pressure and high temperature studies. Inorg. Chem. 50(23), 11905–11913 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/ic200841v
M. Mohamed, S. Ahmed, Pd-doped β-Bi2O3/Bi2Sn2O7 hybrid nanocomposites for photocatalytic fluorene oxidation: a green approach for the synthesis of fluorenone/fluorenol mixture. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 204(1), 62–72 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.11.004
J. Yang, J. Dai, J. Li, Synthesis characterization and degradation of Bisphenol A using Pr, N co-doped TiO2 with highly visible light activity. Appl. Surf. Sci. 257(21), 8965–8973 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.05.074
P. Ma, Y. Yu, J. Xie, Z. Fu, Ag3PO4/CuO composites utilizing the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and Fenton-like catalysis to dispose organic pollutants. Adv. Powder Technol. 28, 2797–2804 (2017)
Y. Ma, Y. Bian, P. Tan, Y. Shang, Y. Liu, L. Wu, A. Zhu, W. Liu, X. Xiong, J. Pan, Simple and facile ultrasound-assisted fabrication of Bi2O2CO3/g-C3N4 composites with excellent photoactivity. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 497, 144–154 (2017)
B. Machado, P. Serp, Graphene-based materials for catalysis. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2(1), 54–75 (2012)
X. An, J. Yu, Graphene-based photocatalytic composites. RSC Adv. 1(8), 1426–1434 (2011)
G. Mamba, A. Mishra, Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanocomposites: a new and exciting generation of visible light driven photocatalysts for environmental pollution remediation. Appl. Catal. B 198, 347–377 (2016)
L. Wang, C. Wang, X. Hu, H. Xue, H. Pang, Metal/graphitic carbon nitride composites: synthesis, structures, and applications. Chemistry 11, 3305–3328 (2016)
Q. Xiang, J. Yu, M. Jaroniec, Graphene-based semiconductor photocatalysts. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41(2), 782–796 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CS15172J
D. Hong, X. Xia, Y. Wang, R. Xu, Mesoporous carbon nitride with in situ sulfur doping for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water under visible light. J. Mater. Chem. 22(30), 15006–15012 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/C2JM32053C
J. Zhuang, C. Hu, B. Zhu, Y. Zhong, H. Zhou, Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of Co- and Cu-doped. IOP Conf. Ser. 52, 012081 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/52/1/012081
F. Fina, S. Callear, G. Carins, J. Irvine, Structural investigation of graphitic carbon nitride via XRD and neutron diffraction. Chem. Mater. 27, 2612–2618 (2015)
Y. Cui, Z. Ding, X. Fu, X. Wang, Construction of conjugated carbon nitride nanoarchitectures in solution at low temperatures for photoredox catalysis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51(47), 11814–11818 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201206534
H. Li, J. Liu, W. Hou, N. Du, R. Zhang, X. Tao, Synthesis and characterization of g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 heterojunctions with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. Appl. Catal. B 160(9), 89–97 (2014)
J. Fu, B. Chang, Y. Tian, F. Xi, X. Dong, Novel C3N4-CdS composite photocatalysts with organic-inorganic heterojunctions: in situ synthesis, exceptional activity, high stability and photocatalytic mechanism. J. Mater. Chem. A 1(9), 3083–3090 (2013)
C. Chang, L. Zhu, S. Wang, X. Chu, L. Yue, Interfaces, novel mesoporous graphite carbon nitride/BiOI heterojunction for enhancing photocatalytic performance under visible-light irradiation. ACS Appl. Mater. 6(7), 5083–5093 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/am5002597
J. Yu, S. Wang, B. Cheng, Z. Li, F. Huang, Noble metal-free Ni(OH)2–g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2-production activity. Catal. Sci. Technol. 3, 1782–1789 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CY20878H
X. Zhao, J. Yu, H. Cui, T. Wang, Preparation of direct Z-scheme Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 composite with enhanced photocatalytic performance. J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 335, 130–139 (2017)
S. Shoukat, S. Haq, W. Rehman et al., Fabrication and characterization of zinc titanate heterojunction for adsorption and photocatalytic applications. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym Mater. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01590-x
H. Ji, F. Chang, X. Hua, W. Qin, W. Shen, Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol over g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation. Chem. Eng. J. 218(15), 183–192 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.12.033
S. Sano, K. Tsutsui, T. Koike, Y. Hirakawa, N. Teramoto, K. Negishi, N. Takeuchi, Activation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) by alkaline hydrothermal treatment for photocatalytic NO oxidation in gas phase. J. Mater. Chem. A 1(21), 6489–6496 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TA10472A
Q. Xiang, J. Yu, M. Jaroniec, Preparation and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2-production activity of graphene/C3N4 composites. J. Phys. Chem. C 115(15), 7355–7363 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp200953k
Y. Liu, Y. Yu, W. Zhang, Photoelectrochemical properties of Ni-doped Fe2O3 thin films prepared by electrodeposition. Electrochim. Acta 59(1), 121–127 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.10.051
X. Hou, W. Shen, X. Huang, Z. Ai, L. Zhang, Ascorbic acid enhanced activation of oxygen by ferrous iron: a case of aerobic degradation of rhodamine B. J. Hazard. Mater. 308, 67–74 (2018)
L. Luan, P. Huang, Photophysical and photocatalytic properties of BiSnSbO6 under visible light irradiation. Materials 11, 491–517 (2018)
M. Ismaela, E. Elhaddad, D. Taffaa, M. Warka, Solid state route for synthesis of YFeO3/g-C3N4 composites and its visible light activity for degradation of organic pollutants. Catal. Today 313, 47–54 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2018.02.003
L. Ge, C. Han, J. Liu, Novel visible light-induced g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 composite photocatalysts for efficient degradation of methyl orange. Appl. Catal. B 108(11), 100–107 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2011.08.014
H. Heidari, M. Haghighi, M. Shabani, Ultrasound assisted dispersion of Bi2Sn2O7-C3N4 nanophotocatalyst over various amount of zeolite Y for enhanced solar-light photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline in aqueous solution. Ultrason. Sonochem. 43, 61–72 (2018)
N. Lu, Y. Lu, F. Liu, K. Zhao, X. Yuan, Y. Zhao, Y. Li, H. Qin, J. Zhu, H3PW12O4/TiO2 catalyst-induced photodegradation of Bisphenol A (BPA): kinetics, toxicity and degradation pathways. Chemosphere 91(9), 1266–1272 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.02.023
J. Cao, B. Luo, H. Lin, B. Xu, S. Chen, Visible light photocatalytic activity enhancement and mechanism of AgBr/Ag3PO4 hybrids for degradation of methyl orange. J. Hazard. Mater. 217(107), 107–115 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.002
H. Cheng, B. Huang, Y. Dai, X. Qin, Y. Zhang, One-step synthesis of the nanostructured AgI/BiOI composites with highly enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performances. Langmuir 26(9), 6618–6624 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/la903943s
P. Rasheed, S. Haq, M. Waseem et al., Green synthesis of vanadium oxide-zirconium oxide nanocomposite for the degradation of methyl orange and picloram. Mater. Res. Express (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab6fa2
T. Naseem, M. Waseem, S.U. Din, S. Haq, Reduced graphene oxide/zinc oxide nanocomposite: from synthesis to its application for wastewater purification and antibacterial activity. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym Mater. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01529-2
N. Bibi, S. Haq, W. Rehman, W. Muhammad, M.U. Rehman, A. Shah, B. Khan, P. Rasheed, Low temperature fabrication of SnO2, ZnO and Zn2SnO4 nanostructures for the degradation of Rhodamine 6G: characterization. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem. 10, 5895–5900 (2020)
S. Shoukat, W. Rehman, S. Haq et al., Synthesis and characterization of zinc stannate nanostructures for the adsorption of chromium (VI) ions and photo-degradation of rhodamine 6G. Mater. Res. Express 6, 1–12 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab473c
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Elhaddad, E., Rehman, W., Waseem, M. et al. Fabrication of Highly Efficient Bi2Sn2O7/C3N4 Composite with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation of Organic Pollutants. J Inorg Organomet Polym 31, 172–179 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01726-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01726-z