Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Synthesis and Characterization of pH-Responsive Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Material with Excellent Catalytic Activity

  • Published:
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) [p(NipAam-Mac)] microgels were synthesized and used as microreactors to fabricate silver nanoparticles. Pure and hybrid microgels were characterized using Ultraviolet–Visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Catalytic activity of hybrid microgels and mechanism of catalysis by this system was explored using different reaction conditions. At the same temperature, apparent rate constant (kapp) was found to be varied from 0.0414 to 0.7852 min−1 by increasing the concentration of NaBH4 from 2.49 to 22.41 mM at constant concentration of substrate and catalyst. However upon extra increase in concentration of NaBH4 from 22.41 to 37.35 mM reduced the value of kapp to 0.2178 min−1. Likewise, the value of kapp was found to be increased from 0.1242 to 0.5495 min−1 with increasing the concentration of 4-nitrophenol [Para-nitrophenol (p-Np)] from 0.063 to 0.079 mM keeping other parameters constant. Further increase in concentration of p-Np caused decline in the value of kapp. Kinetic data reveals that catalytic reduction of p-Np obeys Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism and p-Np is converted to p-Ap on the surface of the silver nanoparticles passing through various reaction intermediates.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Y. Lu, M. Ballauff, Prog. Polym. Sci. 36, 767 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. F. Tang, N. Ma, L. Tong, F.H.L. Li, Langmuir 28, 883 (2011)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. T. Hoare, R. Pelton, Biomacromol 9, 733 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. M. A.Garcia, T. Marquez, R. Cai, Z. Rosario, D. Hu, M. Gust, S.A. Hayes, C.D. Vail, Park, Langmuir 23, 224 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J.E. Wong, A.K. Gaharwar, D. Müller-Schulte, D. Bahadur, W. Richtering, J. Colloid Interfaces Sci. 324, 47 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Z. Gu, T.T. Dang, M. Ma, B.C. Tang, H. Cheng, S. Jiang, Y. Dong, Y. Zhang, D.G. Anderson, ACS Nano 7, 6758 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. B.R. Saunders, N. Laajam, E. Daly, S. Teow, X.H.R. Stepto, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 147, 251 (2009)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Meyer, W. Richtering, Macromolecules 38, 1517 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. K. Von Nessen, M. Karg, T. Hellweg, Polymer 54, 5499 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. N. Welsch, M. Ballauff, Y. Lu, Adv. Polym. Sci. 234, 129 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M.R. Islam, Y. Gao, X. Li, M.J. Serpe, J. Mater. Chem. B 2, 2444 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y.G.Y. Zhang, Soft Matter 7, 6375 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. S.R. Khan, Z.H. Farooqi, M. Ajmal, M. Siddiq, A. Khan, J. Dispers. Sci. Technol. 34, 1324 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. D. Parasuraman, E. Leung, M.J. Serpe, Colloid Polym. Sci. 290, 1053 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. T. Hoare, R. Pelton, Macromolecules 40, 670 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Y. Gao, M.J. Serpe, ACS Appl. Mater. Interface 6, 8461 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Q.M. Zhang, W. Xu, M.J. Serpe, Angew. Chem. 126, 4927 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. S. Wu, J. Dzubiella, J. Kaiser, M. Drechsler, X. Guo, M. Ballauff, Y. Lu, Angew. Chem. Inter. Ed. 51, 2229 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J.T. Zhang, G. Wei, T.F. Keller, H. Gallagher, C. Stötzel, F.A. Müller, M. Gottschaldt, U.S. Schubert, K.D. Jandt, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 295, 1049 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Z.H. Farooqi, S. Iqbal, S.R. Khan, F. Kanwal, R. Begum, e-Polymers 14, 313 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Z.H. Farooqi, N. Tariq, R. Begum, S.R. Khan, Z. Iqbala, A. Khan, Turk. J. Chem 1, 13 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  22. N. Welsch, M. Ballauff, Y. Lu, Adv. Polym. Sci. 234, 129 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. F.R. Li, J.H. Lv, K. Yu, H. Zhang, C.M. Wang, C. Wang, B.B. Zhou, Cryst. Eng. Comm. 19, 2320 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. L.Y. Fan, K. Yu, J.H. Lv, H. Zhang, Z.H. Su, L. Wang, C.M. Wang, B.B. Zhou, Dalton Trans. 46, 10355 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. H. Huang, X. Yang, Carbohyd. Res. 339, 2627 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. V.S. Myers, M.G. Weir, E.V. Carino, D.F. Yancey, S. Pande, R.M. Crooks, Chem. Sci. 2, 1632 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. B.H. Lipshutz, S. Ghorai, W.W.Y. Leong, B.R. Taft, D.V. Krogstad, J. Org. Chem. 76, 5061 (2011)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Y.Y. Liu, X.Y. Liu, J.M. Yang, D.L. Lin, X. Chen, L.S. Zha, Colloids Surf. A 393, 105 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. J.E. Wong, A.M. Díez-Pascual, W. Richtering, Macromolecules 42, 1229 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. A. Burmistrova, M. Richter, C. Uzum, R.V. Klitzing, Colloid Polym. Sci. 289, 613 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. T. Hoare, R. Pelton, Macromolecules 37, 2544 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Y. Liu, Y.Z.Y. Guan, Chem. Commun. 14, 1867 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Y. Zhang, Y. Guan, S. Zhou, Biomacromol 7, 3196 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. J. Zhang, M. Zhang, K. Tang, F. Verpoort, T. Sun, Small 10, 32 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. A. Pich, A. Karak, Y. Lu, A.K. Ghosh, H.J.P. Adler, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 6, 3763 (2006)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Z.H. Farooqi, N. Tariq, R. Begum, S.R. Khan, Z. Iqbal, A. Khan, Turk. J. Chem. 39, 576 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. B.R. Saunders, B. Vincent, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci 80, 1 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. S. Zhou, B. Chu, J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 1364 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Y. Lu, Y. Mei, M. Schrinner, M. Ballauff, M.W. Möller, J. Breu, J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 7676 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Y.M. Mohan, K. Lee, T. Premkumar, K.E. Geckeler, Polymer 48, 158 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Z.H. Farooqi, K. Naseem, R. Begum, A. Ijaz, J. Inorg. Organometall. Polym. Mater. 25, 1554 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Y. Dong, Y. Ma, T. Zhai, F. Shen, Y. Zeng, H. Fu, J. Yao, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 28, 2339 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. M. Ajmal, Z.H. Farooqi, M. Siddiq, Korean J. Chem. Eng. 30, 2030 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. J. Dybal, M. Trchová, P. Schmidt, Vib. Spectrosc. 51, 44 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. S. Pal, Y.K. Tak, J.M. Song, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 1712 (2007)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. I. Gorelikov, L.M. Field, E. Kumacheva, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 15938 (2004)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. G. Liu, D. Wang, F. Zhou, W. Liu, Small 11, 2807 (2015)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Y. Lu, Y. Mei, M. Ballauff, M. Drechsler, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 3930 (2006)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. X. Liu, X. Wang, L. Zha, D. Lin, J. Yang, J. Zhou, L. Zhang, J. Mater. Chem. C 2, 7326 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. W. Wu, T. Zhou, S. Zhou, Chem. Mater. 21, 2851 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. M. Nuopponen, H. Tenhu, Langmuir 23, 5352 (2007)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Z.H. Farooqi, A. Ijaz, R. Begum, K. Naseem, M. Usman, M. Ajmal, U. Saeed, Polym. Compos. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.23980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. S. Panigrahi, S. Basu, S. Praharaj, S. Pande, S. Jana, A. Pal, S.K. Ghosh, T. Pal, J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 4596 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. I. Díez, R.H. Ras, Nanoscale 3, 1963 (2011)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. A.K. Singh, R. Kanchanapally, Z. Fan, D. Senapati, P.C. Ray, Chem. Commun. 48, 9047 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. L.B. Devi, A.B. Mandal, RSC Adv. 3, 5238 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to Higher Education Commission Pakistan for financial support under National Research Program for Universities (NRPU) [No. 20-3995/NRPU/R&D/HEC/14/1212] and University of the Punjab, Lahore under research grant for the fiscal year 2017–2018 to carry out this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, 54590, China

    Sania Ashraf, Robina Begum, Rida Rehan & Zahoor H. Farooqi

  2. Centre for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

    Robina Begum

  3. State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361009, China

    Weitai Wu

Authors
  1. Sania Ashraf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Robina Begum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rida Rehan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Weitai Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zahoor H. Farooqi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zahoor H. Farooqi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ashraf, S., Begum, R., Rehan, R. et al. Synthesis and Characterization of pH-Responsive Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Material with Excellent Catalytic Activity. J Inorg Organomet Polym 28, 1872–1884 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-018-0879-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-018-0879-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation