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Identifying the Social Determinants of Treated Hypertension in New and Established Latino Destination States

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Abstract

Little is known about the influence of social and environmental contexts on Latino hypertension-related disparities. This study examined the influence of social determinants of cardiovascular health on medically treated hypertension, contrasting established vs. new Latino destination states. Logistic regression models were fitted to analyze 2017 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Survey data from 8,999 Latinos. Overall, 70.4% indicated having treated hypertension. History of diabetes (OR = 2.60) and access to healthcare (OR = 2.38) were associated with treated hypertension, regardless of destination state. In established destinations, Latinos who graduated high school (OR = 1.19) or attended college (OR = 1.32) had higher odds of treated hypertension; whereas those who completed college were less likely to have treated hypertension (OR = 0.80). In contrast, in both new and non-destination states, the odds of treated hypertension were consistently lower across levels of educational attainment. Results highlight the need for cardiovascular-risk reduction interventions to incorporate the social and environmental context in the development process.

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Data Availability

The data represented in this study are openly available at https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/annual_data/annual_2017.html.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank David O. Garcia and Edgar A. Villavicencio for their careful reading of early drafts of our manuscript and their insightful comments and suggestions.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 390 S. Country Club, Suite 330, Tucson, AZ, 85714, USA

    Adriana Maldonado

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA

    Richard M. Hoffman

  3. School of Public Health, Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA

    Barbara Baquero

  4. Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA

    Daniel K. Sewell

  5. Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City and University of Missouri- Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA

    Helena H. Laroche

  6. Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA

    Rima Afifi & Paul A. Gilbert

Authors
  1. Adriana Maldonado
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  2. Richard M. Hoffman
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  3. Barbara Baquero
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  4. Daniel K. Sewell
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  5. Helena H. Laroche
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  6. Rima Afifi
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  7. Paul A. Gilbert
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Adriana Maldonado, Paul A. Gilbert, Barbara Baquero, and Rima Afifi; Methodology: Adriana Maldonado, Helena H. Laroche, and Richard M. Hoffman; Formal analysis and investigation: Adriana Maldonado and Daniel K. Sewell. Writing - review and editing: Adriana Maldonado, Richard M. Hoffman, Barbara Baquero, Daniel K. Sewell, Helena H. Laroche, Rima Afifi, and Paul A. Gilbert. 

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Correspondence to Adriana Maldonado.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The Human Subjects Protection Program Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University of Iowa determined that the study did not constitute human subjects research because it was a secondary analysis of publicly available, de-identified data. Therefore, the study was exempt from IRB oversight.

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Maldonado, A., Hoffman, R.M., Baquero, B. et al. Identifying the Social Determinants of Treated Hypertension in New and Established Latino Destination States. J Immigrant Minority Health 25, 50–61 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-022-01376-y

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