Abstract
Owing to growing alcoholism and gambling, numerous variables have been the subject of study to better understand the causes of such addictions. This study aims to investigate personality factors, parental styles in upbringing and early exposure to alcoholism integratively to shed light on how such variables generally shape vulnerability for addictive behaviours and alcohol use disorder (AUD) as well as pathological gambling (PG), separately. The sample consisted of 150 for the inpatient groups (78 AUD and 72 PG) and 102 participants for the control group. The inpatient group comprised “pure” AUD (excluding gambling and other significant addictive disorders) and “pure” PG (excluding AUD and other significant addictive disorders). A random forest-trees analysis established a model accurately classifying 79% of participants from the addictive group and found low conscientiousness, an authoritarian father, a less-flexible mother and neuroticism to be predisposed factors for both addictions. Additionally, through structural equation modeling, a satisfying-index model shows higher extroversion and lower openness may be attributed to PG, as well as the father’s authoritarian parenting style. The mother’s authoritarian or permissive styles may be linked to AUD and the father’s alcoholism. The research concludes AUD and PG have similarities in personality as vulnerable factors for addictive behaviours as well as essential differences in personality and early experiences from boundaries set by mothers and fathers and alcoholism in childhood. The results are applicable in preventive programs as well as working with patients and their parents to create more individualized treatment in relation to addiction type.
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Acknowledgment
The authors wish to acknowledge the work of the members of the Substance Abuse Clinic of the Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia, for their assistance with the selection of participants for the study. This work would also not have been possible without the assistance of MSc EE Minja Belic of the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia, who contributed all analyses done in Python. This was done as the result of a suggestion by an anonymous reviewer whom the authors also wish to express their distinct gratitude. The authors would also like to acknowledge the work of Mr. Timothy Johnston who has assisted in the drafting, proofreading and editing of the paper.
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Perunicic-Mladenovic, I., Filipovic, S. Proneness to Alcohol use Disorder or Pathological Gambling as Differentially Determined by Early Parental and Personality Factors. J Gambl Stud 38, 1447–1467 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-021-10095-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-021-10095-2