Abstract
A polygon is small if it has unit diameter. The maximal area of a small polygon with a fixed number of sides n is not known when n is even and \(n\ge 14\). We determine an improved lower bound for the maximal area of a small n-gon for this case. The improvement affects the \(1/n^3\) term of an asymptotic expansion; prior advances affected less significant terms. This bound cannot be improved by more than \(O(1/n^3)\). For \(n=6\), 8, 10, and 12, the polygon we construct has maximal area.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Audet, C., Hansen, P., Messine, F., Xiong, J.: The largest small octagon. J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 98(1), 46–59 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1006/jcta.2001.3225
Audet, C., Hansen, P., Messine, F.: Extremal problems for convex polygons. J. Glob. Optim. 38(2), 163–179 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10898-006-9065-5
Audet, C., Hansen, P., Messine, F.: The small octagon with longest perimeter. J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 114(1), 135–150 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2006.04.002
Audet, C., Hansen, P., Messine, F.: Extremal problems for convex polygons–an update. Lectures on Global Optimization, Fields Inst. Comm. Amer. Math. Soc. 55, 1–16 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1090/fic/055/01
Audet, C., Hansen, P., Svrtan, D.: Using symbolic calculations to determine largest small polygons. J. Glob. Optim. 81(1), 261–268 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10898-020-00908-w
Bieri, H.: Ungelöste probleme: Zweiter nachtrag zu nr. 12. Elem. Math. 16, 105–106 (1961)
Bingane, C.: OPTIGON: extremal small polygons (2022), https://github.com/cbingane/ optigon
Bingane, C.: Tight bounds on the maximal perimeter and the maximal width of convex small polygons. J. Glob. Optim. 84(4), 1033–1051 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10898-022-01181-9
Bingane, C.: Largest small polygons: a sequential convex optimization approach. Optim. Lett. 17(2), 385–397 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11590-022-01887-5
Bingane, C.: Tight bounds on the maximal area of small polygons: improved Mossinghoff polygons. Discret. Comput. Geom. 70(1), 236–248 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00454-022-00374-z
Foster, J., Szabo, T.: Diameter graphs of polygons and the proof of a conjecture of Graham. J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 114(8), 1515–1525 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2007.02.006
Graham, R.L.: The largest small hexagon. J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 18, 165–170 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1016/0097-3165(75)90004-7
Henrion, D., Messine, F.: Finding largest small polygons with GloptiPoly. J. Glob. Optim. 56(3), 1017–1028 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10898-011-9818-7
Mossinghoff, M.J.: Isodiametric problems for polygons. Discret. Comput. Geom. 36(2), 363–379 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00454-006-1238-y
Pintér, J.D.: Largest small \(n\)-polygons: numerical optimum estimates for \(n \ge 6\). Num. Anal. Optim. 354, 231–247 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72040-711
Pintér, J.D., Kampas, F.J., Castillo, I.: Finding the sequence of largest small \(n\)-polygons by numerical optimization. Math. Comput. Appl. 27(3), 10 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/mca27030042
Reinhardt, K.: Extremale Polygone gegebenen Durchmessers. Jahresber. Deutsch. Math. Verein. 31, 251–270 (1922)
Wächter, A., Biegler, L.T.: On the implementation of an interior-point filter line-search algorithm for large-scale nonlinear programming. Math. Progr. 106, 25–57 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-004-0559-y
Yuan, B.: The Largest Small Hexagon. National University of Singapore (2004)
Acknowledgements
We thank the referees for their helpful comments, which substantially improved this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Bingane, C., Mossinghoff, M.J. Small polygons with large area. J Glob Optim 88, 1035–1050 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10898-023-01329-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10898-023-01329-1