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Pyrazoline-Based Fluorescent Probe: Synthesis, Characterization, Theoretical Simulation, and Detection of Picric Acid

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Abstract

2-Pyrazoline containing benzothiazole ring 2-[1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenol (BP) have been synthesized for the effective identification of picric acid over other competing nitro compounds using fluorescence technique. The pyrazoline BP showed quenching efficiency as high as 82% comparative to other nitro aromatics. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 1.1 μM and 3.3 μM. The possible mechanism with the quenched PA detection efficiency was based on fluorescence energy transfer and photoinduced electron transfer. Moreover, the observed results were supported by the optimized structures of the compounds using the DFT/B3LYP/6-311G/LanL2DZ method. Eventually, the pyrazoline derivative BP was further utilized for natural water samples, showing recoveries in the 87.62–101.09% and RSD was less than 3%.

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Acknowledgements

The authors (PS, MY, and AKM) acknowledge the UGC-SAP and Chemistry Department, Punjabi University, Patiala, for providing lab and instrument facilities and RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh for providing internet facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India

    Promila Sharma, Mohamad Yusuf & Ashok Kumar Malik

  2. Department of Chemistry, RIMT University, Mandigobindgargh, 147301, India

    Promila Sharma

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  1. Promila Sharma
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  2. Mohamad Yusuf
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  3. Ashok Kumar Malik
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Contributions

Promila Sharma: Performed the experimentation. Mohammad Yusuf and Ashok Kumar Malik: Helped in writing and supervised the research work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ashok Kumar Malik.

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Highlights

• Synthesized 2-pyrazoline containing benzothiazole used for low-cost, simple, and selective detection of picric acid.

• Efficient sensitivity to picric acid is expressed even in the presence of other competing nitroaromatic compounds.

• Mechanistic route prompt by FRET and PET processes.

• Experimental observation boosted by density functional theory.

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Supplementary file1 (DOCX 402 KB)

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Sharma, P., Yusuf, M. & Malik, A.K. Pyrazoline-Based Fluorescent Probe: Synthesis, Characterization, Theoretical Simulation, and Detection of Picric Acid. J Fluoresc (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-023-03414-w

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