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Factors Associated with Mental Health Status of Medical Residents: A Model-Guided Study

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Abstract

Residency is a stressful period in a physician’s development, characterized by long work hours, time pressure, and excessive work load, that can exert negative effects on residents’ mental health. Job burnout and negative work–home interference may play a major role in residents’ mental health problems. The present study used the job demands-resources model as a theoretical framework to examine the way in which job demands (e.g., workload, emotional demands) and job resources (e.g., supervisor support, job autonomy) were associated with residents’ mental health. From a pool of 290 medical residents, 264 (91 %) completed the questionnaires. Applying structural equation modeling techniques, the results showed that greater emotional exhaustion (β = −.65, SE = .09, p < .001) and more work–home interference (β = −.26, SE = .10, p < .05) were related to poor mental health. Specific job demands (i.e., high workload) and particular job resources (i.e., low opportunities for professional development and low supervisor support) were related to poor mental health not directly but only indirectly, via emotional exhaustion or work–home interference. Thus, through work-related emotional exhaustion, the impact of work conditions might be transmitted to and interfere with non-work related domains such as family life, as well as with domain-unspecific aspects of well-being, such as mental health and psychological distress. Implications of the results and suggestions for future research and practice are outlined.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Editor-in-Chief and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions and helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper.

Conflict of Interest

Dr. Anagnostopoulos, Dr. Demerouti, Dr. Niakas, Dr. Sykioti, and Dr. Zis declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Informed consent was obtained from all participants for being included in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Panteion University, 136, Syngrou Avenue, 176 71, Athens, Greece

    Fotios Anagnostopoulos

  2. Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Human Performance Management Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Evangelia Demerouti

  3. South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK

    Panagiota Sykioti

  4. Faculty of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece

    Dimitris Niakas

  5. Department of Neurology, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece

    Panagiotis Zis

Authors
  1. Fotios Anagnostopoulos
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  2. Evangelia Demerouti
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  3. Panagiota Sykioti
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  4. Dimitris Niakas
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  5. Panagiotis Zis
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Correspondence to Fotios Anagnostopoulos.

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Anagnostopoulos, F., Demerouti, E., Sykioti, P. et al. Factors Associated with Mental Health Status of Medical Residents: A Model-Guided Study. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 22, 90–109 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-014-9415-2

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