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Duration of cardiac arrest requires different ventilation volumes during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pig model

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Abstract

There are few studies examining the ventilation strategies recommended by current CPR guidelines. We investigated the influence of different minute volume applying to untreated cardiac arrest with different duration, on resuscitation effects in a pig model. 32 Landrace pigs with 4 or 8 min (16 pigs each) ventricular fibrillation (VF) randomly received two ventilation strategies during CPR. “Guideline” groups received mechanical ventilation with a tidal volume of 7 ml/kg and a frequency of 10/min, while “Baseline” groups received a tidal volume (10 ml/kg) and a frequency used at baseline to maintain an end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) between 35 and 40 mmHg before VF. Mean airway pressures and intrathoracic pressures (PIT) in the Baseline-4 min group were significantly higher than those in the Guideline-4 min group (all P < 0.05). Similar results were observed in the 8 min pigs, except for no significant difference in minimal PIT and PETCO2 during 10 min of CPR. Venous pH and venous oxygen saturation were significantly higher in the Baseline-8 min group compared to the Guideline-8 min group (all P < 0.05). Aortic pressure in the Baseline-8 min group was higher than in the Guideline-8 min group. Seven pigs in each subgroup of 4 min VF models achieved the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Higher ROSC was observed in the Baseline-8 min group than in the Guideline-8 min group (87.5% vs. 37.5%, P = 0.039). For 4 min VF but not 8 min VF, a guideline-recommended ventilation strategy had satisfactory results during CPR. A higher minute ventilation resulted in better outcomes for subjects with 8 min of untreated VF through thoracic pump.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Institute of Life Monitoring, Mindray Corporation for providing the T8 monitors used in this study. Mindray Corporation did not have any role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, preparation of the manuscript, or decision to publish.

Funding

This work was supported by China’s Ministry of Health (Special scientific research funds for health industry 201502019) and Yangzhou Science and Technology Development Plan (YZ2018090).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Emergency, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China

    Dingyu Tan, Ping Geng & Bingyu Ling

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China

    Jiayan Sun

  3. Department of Emergency, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China

    Jun Xu & Xuezhong Yu

  4. Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University Hospital, Saint Louis, MO, USA

    Joseph Walline

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  1. Dingyu Tan
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  2. Jiayan Sun
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  3. Ping Geng
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  4. Bingyu Ling
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  5. Jun Xu
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Correspondence to Dingyu Tan or Jun Xu.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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The study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (The institutional Protocol Number: XHDW-2016-0015).

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Tan, D., Sun, J., Geng, P. et al. Duration of cardiac arrest requires different ventilation volumes during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pig model. J Clin Monit Comput 34, 525–533 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-019-00336-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-019-00336-6

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