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Application of RuO2 Nanoparticles as Catalyst in Preparation of Indolo[3,2-a]Carbazoles

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Abstract

RuO2 nanoparticles were readily prepared from RuCl3·3H2O via the formation of Ru-hydroxide precursor, followed by calcination at 550 °C. Under similar conditions, uniform dispersion of spherical RuO2 nanoparticles over the surface of MCM-41 was also obtained. The synthesized materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area measurements, and magnetic measurements (VSM). The obtained RuO2 nanoparticles found application as catalyst in preparation of indolo[3,2-a]carbazoles from the reaction of indoles and benzils. Under mild reaction conditions, satisfactory yields of the desired products were obtained. Stabilization of RuO2 nanoparticles over the surface of MCM-41 (RuO2–MCM41), however, had the advantage of easy recycling, although a slight decrease in efficiency after five successive runs was observed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Research Council of Guilan University for partial support of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, P. O. Box: 41335-1914, Iran

    Alireza Khorshidi & Nura Sadeghi

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  1. Alireza Khorshidi
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  2. Nura Sadeghi
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Correspondence to Alireza Khorshidi.

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Khorshidi, A., Sadeghi, N. Application of RuO2 Nanoparticles as Catalyst in Preparation of Indolo[3,2-a]Carbazoles. J Clust Sci 27, 1923–1932 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-016-1052-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-016-1052-5

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