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Sex ratio of Stygiopontius senokuchiae (Dirivultidae, Copepoda), an endemic copepod species at deep hydrothermal vent sites, is biased to males

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Abstract

Stygiopontius copepods (Dirivultidae, Siphonostomatoida, Crustacea) are among the most successful meiobenthic organisms at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Most of their ecology is not yet known, including the spatiotemporal differences in their sex ratios and their controlling factors. We investigated spatial variation in the sex ratio of adult Stygiopontius senokuchiae and its association with environmental parameters, including food quality at hydrothermal vent chimney structures in the calderas of three neighboring sea knolls (Bayonnaise Knoll, Myojin Knoll, and Myojin-sho Caldera) in the western North Pacific Ocean. Their sex ratio was significantly biased to males from 1:1, which was different from some of the other Stygiopontius species. The ratios did not show a significant correlation with the density of total adults. While previous studies have shown that the abundance of S. senokuchiae is positively associated with δ13C values of detritus on active chimneys, multivariate analyses in this study did not detect any significant association between their sex ratio and any investigated parameters including δ13C. These findings suggest that neither population density nor chemoautotrophic food availability drives the sexual difference in the spatial distribution around vents among the adults of the species.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the captain and crews of the RV ‘Natsushima,’ as well as the operational team of the ROV ‘Hyper-Dolphin.’ Comments by anonymous reviewers greatly improved our manuscript. This study was partly funded by a grant from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) program (Grant Numbers 26440246 and 19H03305), and a Grant from Research Institute of Marine Invertebrates in 2019 (https://www.rimi.or.jp/josei/).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aitsu Marine Station, Kumamoto University, Kami-Amakusa, 6061 Aitsu, Matsushima, Kumamoto, 861-6102, Japan

    Reina Senokuchi & Motohiro Shimanaga

  2. SUGAR, X-star, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan

    Hidetaka Nomaki & Hiromi Kayama Watanabe

  3. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan

    Daisuke Uyeno

  4. Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan

    Tomo Kitahashi

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  1. Reina Senokuchi
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  2. Hidetaka Nomaki
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  4. Hiromi Kayama Watanabe
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  5. Tomo Kitahashi
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  6. Motohiro Shimanaga
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Correspondence to Motohiro Shimanaga.

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Senokuchi, R., Nomaki, H., Uyeno, D. et al. Sex ratio of Stygiopontius senokuchiae (Dirivultidae, Copepoda), an endemic copepod species at deep hydrothermal vent sites, is biased to males. J Oceanogr 76, 341–350 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-020-00548-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-020-00548-4

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