Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Past, present or future? Word tense and affect in autobiographical narratives of women with HIV in relation to health indicators

  • Published:
Journal of Behavioral Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 21 July 2018

This article has been updated

Abstract

This study examined how the expression of positive and negative affect words and word tense in autobiographical narratives of 98 HIV+ women, predominantly African American, predicted undetectable HIV viral load (UDVL), CD4+ cells/mm3 counts and antiretroviral therapy medication (ART) adherence assessed concurrently (T1) and at 3 to 9-month follow-up (T2). Logistic regressions revealed that higher past tense words predicted worse odds of UDVL, CD4+ cells/mm3 above 350 at T1, and worse odds of 95% ART adherence at T2. However, using both high past tense words and high positive affect words predicted better odds of CD4+ cells/mm3 > 350 at T2. Higher future tense words predicted better odds of CD4+ cells/mm3 > 350 at T1. Additionally, using both high present tense words and negative affect words predicted better odds of UDVL at T1. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the quality of affect expression significantly interacts with temporal context to relate to the health of women with HIV.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

  • 21 July 2018

    The original version of the article contained a mistake. The author has inadvertently given incorrect grant number. The corrected Grant No. is U01-AI034993.

References

  • Abaasa, A. M., Todd, J., Ekoru, K., Kalyango, J. N., Levin, J., Odeke, E., et al. (2008). Good adherence to HAART and improved survival in a community HIV/AIDS treatment and care programme: The experience of The AIDS Support Organization (TASO), Kampala, Uganda. BMC Health Services Research, 8, 241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alpers, G. W., Winzelberg, A. J., Classen, C., Roberts, H., Dev, P., Koopman, C., et al. (2005). Evaluation of computerized text analysis in an Internet breast cancer support group. Computers in Human Behavior, 21, 361–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aspinwall, L. G. (2005). The psychology of future-oriented thinking: From achievement to proactive coping, adaptation, and aging. Motivation and Emotion, 29, 203–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bantum, E. O., & Owen, J. E. (2009). Evaluating the validity of computerized content analysis programs for identification of emotional expression in cancer narratives. Psychological Assessment, 21, 79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barkan, S. E., Melnick, S. L., Preston-Martin, S., Weber, K., Kalish, L. A., Miotti, P., et al. (1998). The women’s interagency HIV Study. Epidemiology, 9, 117–125.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boals, A., Banks, J. B., Hathaway, L. M., & Schuettler, D. (2011). Coping with stressful events: Use of cognitive words in stressful narratives and the meaning-making process. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30, 378–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boals, A., & Klein, K. (2005). Word use in emotional narratives about failed romantic relationships and subsequent mental health. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 24, 252–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bodenhausen, G. V., Sheppard, L. A., & Kramer, G. P. (1994). Negative affect and social judgment: The differential impact of anger and sadness. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 45–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brody, L. R., Jack, D. C., Bruck-Segal, D. L., Ruffing, E. G., Firpo-Perretti, Y. M., Dale, S. K., et al. (2016). Life lessons from women with HIV: Mutuality, self-awareness, and self-efficacy. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 30, 261–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrico, A. W., Johnson, M. O., Colfax, G. N., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2010). Affective correlates of stimulant use and adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among HIV-positive methamphetamine users. AIDS and Behavior, 14, 769–777.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrico, A. W., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2014). Positive affect promotes engagement in care after HIV diagnosis. Health Psychology, 33, 686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C. S. (2001). Affect and the functional bases of behavior: On the dimensional structure of affective experience. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 345–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C. S., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2009). Anger is an approach-related affect: Evidence and implications. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 879–889.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chesney, M. (2003). Adherence to HAART regimens. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 17, 169–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, C. K., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2008). Revealing dimensions of thinking in open-ended self-descriptions: An automated meaning extraction method for natural language. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 96–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2013). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=gkalyqTMXNEC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Cohen,+J.,+Cohen,+P.,+West,+S.+G.,+%26+Aiken,+L.+S.+(2013).+Applied+multiple+regression/correlation+analysis+for+the+behavioral+sciences.+Routledge.&ots=tQKTZ3p8ff&sig=XFEocy-4UXjfSJE03fQxbbCEvW4

  • Cohen, M., Deamant, C., Barkan, S., Richardson, J., Young, M., Holman, S., et al. (2000). Domestic violence and childhood sexual abuse in HIV-infected women and women at risk for HIV. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 560–565.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., Doyle, W. J., Turner, R. B., Alper, C. M., & Skoner, D. P. (2003). Emotional style and susceptibility to the common cold. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 652–657.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., Miller, G. E., & Rabin, B. S. (2001). Psychological stress and antibody response to immunization: A critical review of the human literature. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63, 7–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collaboration, A. T. (ART) C, et al. (2003). Prognostic importance of initial response in HIV-1 infected patients starting potent antiretroviral therapy: Analysis of prospective studies. The Lancet, 362, 679–686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coovadia, H. M., Rollins, N. C., Bland, R. M., Little, K., Coutsoudis, A., Bennish, M. L., et al. (2007). Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection during exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life: An intervention cohort study. The Lancet, 369, 1107–1116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cruise, R. (2014). Benefit-finding and coherence in the narratives of women with HIV. Retrieved from https://open.bu.edu/handle/2144/15170

  • Davidson, K. W., & Mostofsky, E. (2010). Anger expression and risk of coronary heart disease: Evidence from the Nova Scotia Health Survey. American Heart Journal, 159, 199–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Luca, A., Giancola, M. L., Ammassari, A., Grisetti, S., Paglia, M. G., Gentile, M., et al. (2000). The effect of potent antiretroviral therapy and JC virus load in cerebrospinal fluid on clinical outcome of patients with AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 182, 1077–1083.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dockray, S., & Steptoe, A. (2010). Positive affect and psychobiological processes. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 69–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eng, P. M., Fitzmaurice, G., Kubzansky, L. D., Rimm, E. B., & Kawachi, I. (2003). Anger expression and risk of stroke and coronary heart disease among male health professionals. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 100–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esterling, B. A., Antoni, M. H., Fletcher, M. A., Margulies, S., & Schneiderman, N. (1994). Emotional disclosure through writing or speaking modulates latent Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 130.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finkel, S. E. (1995). Causal analysis with panel data. Sage. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=WJI5iN-AwHEC&oi=fnd&pg=PR4&dq=Finkel,+S.+E.+(1995).+Causal+analysis+with+panel+data+(No.+105).+Sage.+&ots=Nvy_XZ7uc5&sig=zxipdxWbESKy5agmsGk2ZlWBSQE

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Francis, M. E., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1992). Putting stress into words: The impact of writing on physiological, absentee, and self-reported emotional well-being measures. American Journal of Health Promotion, 6, 280–287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2, 300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.56.3.218

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires. Cognition and Emotion, 19, 313–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Levenson, R. W. (1998). Positive emotions speed recovery from the cardiovascular sequelae of negative emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 191–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, J. E., Lobel, M., Glass, P., & Lokshina, I. (2008). Effects of written anger expression in chronic pain patients: Making meaning from pain. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 201–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, M. A., Wortman, C. B., & Stone, A. A. (1996). Emotional expression and physical heath: Revising traumatic memories or fostering self-regulation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 588.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinkin, C. H., Hardy, D. J., Mason, K. I., Castellon, S. A., Durvasula, R. S., Lam, M. N., et al. (2004). Medication adherence in HIV-infected adults: Effect of patient age, cognitive status, and substance abuse. AIDS (London, England), 18(Suppl 1), 19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahana, E., Kahana, B., & Zhang, J. (2005). Motivational antecedents of preventive proactivity in late life: Linking future orientation and exercise. Motivation and Emotion, 29, 438–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, J. H., Tobin, R. M., Massey, A. E., & Anderson, J. A. (2007). Measuring emotional expression with the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. The American Journal of Psychology, 120, 263–286.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, G. R., Perrin, L., Pantaleo, G., Opravil, M., Furrer, H., Telenti, A., et al. (2003). CD4 T-lymphocyte recovery in individuals with advanced HIV-1 infection receiving potent antiretroviral therapy for 4 years: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163, 2187–2195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, K., & Boals, A. (2010). Coherence and narrative structure in personal accounts of stressful experiences. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 256–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lam, D., Schuck, N., Smith, N., Farmer, A., & Checkley, S. (2003). Response style, interpersonal difficulties and social functioning in major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 75, 279–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, N. M., Gwinn, A. M., Baumeister, R. F., Strachman, A., Washburn, I. J., Gable, S. L., et al. (2013). A boost of positive affect: The perks of sharing positive experiences. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30, 24–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lepore, S. J. (1997). Expressive writing moderates the relation between intrusive thoughts and depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1030.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lepore, S. J., & Greenberg, M. A. (2002). Mending broken hearts: Effects of expressive writing on mood, cognitive processing, social adjustment and health following a relationship breakup. Psychology and Health, 17, 547–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lepore, S., Ragan, J., Jones, S., & Insko, C. A. (2000). Talking facilitates cognitive-emotional processes of adaptation to an acute stressor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 499–508.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leserman, J., Petitto, J. M., Golden, R. N., Gaynes, B. N., Gu, H., Perkins, D. O., et al. (2000). Impact of stressful life events, depression, social support, coping, and cortisol on progression to AIDS. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1221–1228.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marsland, A. L., Cohen, S., Rabin, B. S., & Manuck, S. B. (2006). Trait positive affect and antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 20, 261–269.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McAdams, D. P. (2006). The redemptive self: Generativity and the stories Americans live by. Research in Human Development, 3, 81–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, S. D., & Brody, L. R. (2009). Linguistic predictors of mindfulness in written self-disclosure narratives. Journal of Language and Social Psychology. Retrieved from http://jls.sagepub.com/content/early/2009/05/13/0261927X09335264.short

  • Murray, J. S., Elashoff, M. R., Iacono-Connors, L. C., Cvetkovich, T. A., & Struble, K. A. (1999). The use of plasma HIV RNA as a study endpoint in efficacy trials of antiretroviral drugs. Aids, 13, 797–804.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newman, M. L., Pennebaker, J. W., Berry, D. S., & Richards, J. M. (2003). Lying words: Predicting deception from linguistic styles. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 665–675.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nieuwkerk, P. T., & Oort, F. J. (2005). Self-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection and virologic treatment response: A meta-analysis. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 38, 445–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, D. L., Swindells, S., Mohr, J., Brester, M., Vergis, E. N., Squier, C., et al. (2000). Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Annals of Internal Medicine, 133, 21–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker, J. W., & Beall, S. (1986). Confronting a traumatic event: Toward an understanding of inhibition and disease. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 274–281.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker, J. W., Booth, R. J., & Francis, M. E. (2007a). Operator’s manual: Linguistic inquiry and word count: LIWC2007. Austin, TX: Liwc. Net.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker, J. W., Chung, C. K., Ireland, M., Gonzales, A., & Booth, R. J. (2007b). The development and psychometric properties of LIWC2007: LIWC. net.

  • Pennebaker, J. W., & Francis, M. E. (1996). Cognitive, emotional, and language processes in disclosure. Cognition and Emotion, 10, 601–626.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker, J. W., Francis, M. E., & Booth, R. J. (2001). Linguistic inquiry and word count: LIWC 2001. Mahway: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 71(2001), 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker, J., & Graybeal, A. (2001). Patterns of natural language use: Disclosure, personality, and social integration. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 90–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker, J. W., Kiecolt-Glaser, J., & Glaser, R. (1988). Disclosure of traumas and immune function: Health implications for psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 239–245.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker, J. W., Mayne, T. J., & Francis, M. E. (1997). Linguistic predictors of adaptive bereavement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 863.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker, J. W., Mehl, M. R., & Niederhoffer, K. G. (2003). Psychological aspects of natural language use: Our words, our selves. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 547–577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker, J. W., & Seagal, J. D. (1999). Forming a story: The health benefits of narrative. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 1243–1254.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrie, K. J., Booth, R. J., Pennebaker, J. W., Davison, K. P., & Thomas, M. G. (1995). Disclosure of trauma and immune response to a hepatitis B vaccination program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 787.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrie, K. J., Fontanilla, I., Thomas, M. G., Booth, R. J., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2004). Effect of written emotional expression on immune function in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a randomized trial. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 272–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramírez-Esparza, N., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2006). Do good stories produce good health? Exploring words, language, and culture. Narrative Inquiry, 16, 211–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rude, S., Gortner, E.-M., & Pennebaker, J. (2004). Language use of depressed and depression-vulnerable college students. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 1121–1133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schou, I., Ekeberg, Ø., & Ruland, C. M. (2005). The mediating role of appraisal and coping in the relationship between optimism–pessimism and quality of life. Psycho-Oncology, 14, 718–727.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, G. E., Weinberger, D. A., & Singer, J. A. (1981). Cardiovascular differentiation of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear following imagery and exercise1. Psychosomatic Medicine, 43, 343–364.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silverberg, M. J., Leyden, W., Horberg, M. A., DeLorenze, G. N., Klein, D., & Quesenberry, C. P. (2007). Older age and the response to and tolerability of antiretroviral therapy. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167, 684–691.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sloan, D., & Marx, B. (2004). Taking pen to hand: Evaluating theories underlying the written disclosure paradigm. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 121–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T. W., Glazer, K., Ruiz, J. M., & Gallo, L. C. (2004). Hostility, anger, aggressiveness, and coronary heart disease: An interpersonal perspective on personality, emotion, and health. Journal of Personality, 72, 1217–1270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanton, A. L., Danoff-Burg, S., Sworowski, L. A., Collins, C. A., Branstetter, A. D., Rodriguez-Hanley, A., et al. (2002). Randomized, controlled trial of written emotional expression and benefit finding in breast cancer patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20, 4160–4168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steptoe, A., Dockray, S., & Wardle, J. (2009). Positive affect and psychobiological processes relevant to health. Journal of Personality, 77, 1747–1776.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tausczik, Y. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2010). The psychological meaning of words: LIWC and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29, 24–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Terzian, A. S., Holman, S., Nathwani, N., Robison, E., Weber, K., Young, M., et al. (2009). Factors associated with preclinical disability and frailty among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the era of cART. Journal of Women’s Health, 18, 1965–1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, J. C., Mandalia, S., & Gazzard, B. G. (2002). Responses to a 1 month self-report on adherence to antiretroviral therapy are consistent with electronic data and virological treatment outcome. Aids, 16, 269–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, N., Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). A multi-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping, and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 374–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, T. E., Weedon, J., Cohen, M. H., Golub, E. T., Milam, J., Young, M. A., et al. (2016). Positive affect and its association with viral control among women with HIV infection. Journal of Health Psychology, 36, 91–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, D. O., Crawford, E., & Sebastian, K. (2007). Positive resolution of childhood sexual abuse experiences: The role of coping, benefit-finding and meaning-making. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 597–608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-007-9111-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ziemssen, T., & Kern, S. (2007). Psychoneuroimmunology—Cross-talk between the immune and nervous system. Journal of Neurology, 254, 8–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-007-200308

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the WIHS participants and WIHS staff, especially Sally Urwin, Cheryl Watson, and Karlene Schowalter, who collected and managed data, and Sannisha Dale, Gwendolyn Kelso and Ruth Cruise who transcribed and coded data.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Grant U01-AI-34994 (PIs, Dr. Mardge Cohen and Dr. Audrey French) and co-funded by the National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Drug Abuse. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institutes of Health.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, Room 227, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Yudelki M. Firpo-Perretti & Leslie R. Brody

  2. Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Hektoen Institute of Medicine, 2225 W. Harrison, Suite B, Chicago, IL, USA

    Mardge H. Cohen & Kathleen M. Weber

Authors
  1. Yudelki M. Firpo-Perretti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mardge H. Cohen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kathleen M. Weber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Leslie R. Brody
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yudelki M. Firpo-Perretti.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Yudelki M. Firpo-Perretti, Mardge H. Cohen, Kathleen M. Weber, and Leslie R. Brody declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and animal rights and Informed consent

All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Firpo-Perretti, Y.M., Cohen, M.H., Weber, K.M. et al. Past, present or future? Word tense and affect in autobiographical narratives of women with HIV in relation to health indicators. J Behav Med 41, 875–889 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-018-9944-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-018-9944-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation